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Civil War
The American Civil War, also known as the War Between the States, or simply the Civil War in the United States. The civil war was fought from 1861 to 1865. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina. Lincoln called for each state to provide troops to retake the fort; consequently, four more slave states joined the Confederacy, bringing their total to eleven. -
March 1917 Revolution
On March 8th 30,000 workers were locked out of work and they were not paid and could not afford any food now. The strikers persuaded other workers to come out on strike along with them.By March 9th the riots got worse and were getting out of hand.Nicholas ordered the police tried to ordered that the riots should be put down. Unfortunately many people were killed and the rioters became even more infuriated.Nicholas was forced to give up the throne. -
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timeline
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April Thesis
The Socialists who dominated the Soviet interpreted the February Revolution as a bourgeois revolution.They therefore submitted to the rule of the Provisional Government. Lenin felt that, as one class gained dominance over the other, its governing body would crush the rival institution.Lenin first presented his theses to Social Democrats and later in April 17 to a Bolshevik committee, both immediately rejected them. The Bolshevik published them but noted that they were Lenin’s personal opinions. -
Provisional Governement
The Russians were doing badly in the war, food was scarce and what food there was to be too expensive for many. Soldiers and sailors took to the streets of Petrograd in July 1917 and they were soon joined by workers in the factories. Riots occurred on July 16th and 17th against the Provisional Government. The government sent troops to end the riots. July 1917, it seemed that the Communists were still a long way from taking over the government. -
Kornilov Affair
In petrograd a disturbance threatened the overnment. Trops sent by Kerensky were to protect the government, But Kornilov betrayed kerensky and turned the even into a coup. -
New Government
The government was stablished under the council of people's commissars, which were allbolsheviks who granted themselves supreme power. -
Bolshevik Revolution
The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, who used their influence in the Petrograd Soviet to organize the armed forces. Bolshevik forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the takeover of government buildings on October 24 1917. The next day, the Winter Palace was captured. -
Treaty of Brst-Litovsk
Lenin promised to end to the war. Now the party had to face the consequences. The treaty was signed on March 3rd, 1918,
Russia lost Riga, Lithuania, Livonia, Estonia and some of White Russia under the treaty. These areas had economic importance to Russia as they were some of the most fertile farming areas. Western Russia. Germany was allowed by the terms of the treaty to exploit these lands to support -
Wr communism
War Communism was the nationalisation of land. Banks and shipping were nationalised and foreign trade was declared a state monopoly. Lenin realised that the Bolsheviks were simply unprepared to take over the whole economic system of Russia. The Bolshevik hierarchy who wanted factory managers removed and the workers to take over the factories for themselves but on behalf of the people. -
Treaty of Rapallo
The Treaty of Rapallo was an agreement signed at the Hotel Imperiale in the Italian town of Santa Margherita Ligure on 16 April, 1922 between Germany and Russia under which each renounced all territorial and financial claims against the other following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and World War I. -
The New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy had been introduced to replace the failed policy of War Communism. The NEP brought some economic sense back to the Russian economy. Trade was to operate on an economic and commercial accounting basis.The NEP also needed a stable currency and this was difficult to achieve in such a short space of time. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928, Sometimes called the Pact of Paris. The pact was one of many international efforts to prevent another World War, but it had little effect in stopping the rising militarism of the 1930s or preventing World War II. -
The five year plans
Stalin edited the plan to include the creation of kolkhoz, collective farming systems that stretched over thousands of acres of land and had hundreds of peasants working on them in 1929.
Collective farms essentially destroyed the kulaks as a class, and also brought about the slaughter of farm animals that peasants would rather kill than give up to the farms. This led to a a spread of famine. -
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an organisation founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation. -
The Purges
Stalin's purges could be translated as "Stalin's Terror". They grew from his paranoia and his desire to be asuperior, and were enforced by the NKVD (Communist Secret police) and public 'show trials'. They helped develop a centrally-enforced 'cult of Stalin-worship', and a terrifying system of labor camps - the gulag. -
Nazi- soviet Pact
representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other on August 29 1939. This pact protected Germany from having to fight a two-front war in the war. The pact was broken when Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later, on June 22, 1941.
