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The Persian Empire was wanting to take a city that wasn't claimed by the Persians, but Greece defeated the Parisian army and the Persian Empire wanted to take Greece.
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A Navel battle between Greece city-states and the Persian Empire, in which Greece/Athens won the war.
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The Athens created the Delian League after fighting the Persians Empire. The Delian League was a League of city-states created top fund projects to build a strong army to defend off the Persians if the attacked again.
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The Peloponnesian League was a League created by the Spartans because the Delian league was becoming outrages and over done.
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The Peloponnesian war was a war between the Athens and Sparta and the victor was Sparta because it was mainly a land foot battle and not a Navel ship battle like Athens was hoping to use.
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During the Peloponnesian War, Pericles brought his citizens behind the cities walls for protection. In the second year of the war Athens undergoes a plague in which kills of one third of the entire population of Athens including Pericles himself.
After the plague Athens is so weak that Sparta wins the Peloponnesian war. -
Both Athens and Sparta were weakened but the Peloponnesian war so badly that Phillip II of Macedonia (Alexander the greats father) easily conquers Greece. which then later is given to Alexander the Great after his father has died has his daughters wedding. Alexander the Great inherits Greece and then Conquers the Persian Empire.
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The Hellenistic Empire was an Empire of Greece, Persia, Egypt, and India. Greek influences with Eastern ideas created a new culture called Hellenism(Hellenistic Culture). the most important city is Alexandria, Egypt which was the city of Knowledge due to having many mathematicians, scientist and philosophers studying there.