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Causes
Causes of the French Revolution:
1.) Third Estate(Commoners) were the only ones to pay taxes(100%)
2.) Raise in taxes
3.) Bad food stocks raise food price, unaffordable.
4.) Everyone starving and poor while the King and Queen live in luxury(Soon creates debt)
5.) King Louis's wars causing more debt -
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French Revolution
This is the period of the French Revolution. It all started with the Estates General but is mostly said that the storming of the Bastille was the start of it all. It ended when Emperor Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. -
Estates General
The three Estate generals that represented the Clergy, Nobility and Everyone else were called together by current King Louis XVI after 100 years of not meeting. King Louis XVI wanted the taxes raised to help support the wars he was reigning down on and wanted the three estates to decide who gets them. Nobility and Clergy being the usual estates that get 0% of taxes told the commoners to keep handing over the taxes, the general that represented the commoners refused. They seperated. -
Tennis Court Oath
The Commoners decided to take the "Tennis Court Oath" to not separate and to reassemble wherever until the Constitution was established. This happened because they feared being outvoted by the National Assembly. After being locked out of the meeting spot in Versailles, they went to a nearby Tennis Court to meet and make the Tennis Court Oath. -
Storming of the Bastille
People storm and break apart the Bastille, a prison fortress meant to represent tyranny. It was the start of the French Revolution. Some people raided the weapons and even took pieces of the building to keep and to sell. They even released the prisoners kept in the Bastille. -
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Great Fear Summer
During the great fear summer people feared outsiders breaking into their towns, rampaging and stealing. This started from gossip and rumors. It got worse when they feared the revolution be stopped y the King and for the people involved to be punished. -
Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen
The Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen were written by Marquis de Lafayette, with the help of Thomas Jefferson and were presented to France's National Assembly. It consisted of 17 articles. Even though there are 17 articles, the main principle of the declaration is "men are born and remain free and equal in rights" -
Women's March
Peasant women started marching their way to Versailles, the king and queen's palace. They marched to Versailles to seek help from foot shortages, to plead the king to head pack to France to stop being corrupted by Aristocracy but some came with the intentions of violence. In the end, the King agreed to head back to Paris after debating and violence. -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
There is an attempt to organize the Roman Catholic church and reduce the amount bishops they had. They ended up reducing the amount of bishops from 135 to 83. The organizing of the Church caused a schism and French Church and devoted Catholics turned away from the revolution. -
Flight of Varennes
King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and their immediate family try to fled Paris to try and keep them safe and start a counter revolution. Their attempt is unsuccessful when they are captured and sent back to the Capital. People find themselves not trusting the King. -
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Reign of Terror
Since the revolution was going, Paris decided they would install "Terror" amongst the people to deter them from going against the revolution. If you were suspected of being against the revolution, have not proven yourself to the revolution or say a distasteful thing about the revolution you would be executed by guillotine. Which Robespierre was a main influence of these executions, have been the one to suspect the peoples disloyalty. -
National Convention formed
The National convention want established to provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy. It's 1st phase was dominated by the Montagnards and the Girondins who wanted to focus on two different political powers. They were purged after being defeated in a war against the anti-Revolutionary European coalition. Phase 2 the Montagnards controlled, they lost legislative. Final phase the bourgeois-dominated Directory. -
King Louis XVI executed
After trying to escape to Austria with his wife and immediate family, and being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers, he was sentenced to execution. The next day in front of everyone, King Louis XVI was executed by Guillotine. His last words were: "Peuple je meurs innocent" which translates to "People, I die innocent". -
Marie Antoinette executed
After trying to escape to Austria with her husband and immediate family she was convicted of treason. She was executed by guillotine. Her last words were: “Pardon me sir, I didn't mean to.”, apologizing to her executioner, Charles-Henri Sanson's foot. -
Robespierre is executed
After being declared an outlaw by the National Conevtion he ran to the Hôtel de Ville. He then shot his jaw with a pistol in front of his friends. The soldiers of the National Convention seized Robespierre. He was executed with 22 others. His last words were: “Merci, Monsieur.” after a man gave him a handkerchief to stop the bleeding when the executioner took his bandages of. It translates to "Thank you sir.". -
Napoleon Becomes Emperor
After seizing political power in France, Napoleon declared himself Emperor. He even took the crown from the Pope and put it on his own head. He waged wars against many coalitions. Napoleon was known to be shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, he showed that with how he ruled. -
Napoleon Defeated at Waterloo
After the terrible attack of Russia, he renounced his throne and was exiled to to the island of Elba. but he returned for battle in his 100 days campaign to fight Waterloo but was defeated. He renounced his throne once again and was exiled to the island of Saint Helena. He died at age 51 from Stomach cancer.
