Second Quarter project

Greece

11,000 BCE

During Greek Dark Ages people lived all over Greece in small farming villages. As they grew bigger the villages began to evolve. They built walls, a marketplace and a meeting place. They created governments and organized their citizens according a constitution or set of laws. They created armies and collected taxes. all cities were to be protected by a certain god or goddess.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece

Mesoptamia

10,000 BCE

Beginnings of agriculture in the Middle East.The farmers in Sumer invented levees to hold back the floods from their fields. The Sumerians a cut canals to channel river water to the fields. By doing this they invented what is now called irrigation which is the use of levees. .penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1525827

Mesopotamia

5000 BCE

The first city-states gradually develop in southern Mesopotamia. This is the achievement of the Sumerian people. Mesopotamia is known as a cradle or the beginning of civilization.
www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1525827

Mesopotamia

3500 BCE

Mesopotamia is one of the cradles of human civilization. Here, the earliest cities in world history appeared.Mesopotamia was a collection of varied cultures whose only real bonds were their script, their gods, and their attitude toward women.
http://www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/

Mesopotamia

3500 BCE

Writing starts to develop. Writing takes about a thousand years to evolve into a full cuneiform script. At first writing was representational and began as pictures. That soon became inconvenient as you could not use pictures to create nouns.
https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/cuneiform-writing-system-ancient-mesopotamia-emergence-and-evolution

Egypt

3400 BCE

Two separate kingdoms were established. The Red Land to the north based on the Nile River Delta and extending along the Nile perhaps to Atfih. The White Land in the south stretching from Atfih to Gebel es-Silsila. Around 3200 B.C the southern king Scorpion made the first attempt to conquer the northern kingdom. King Menes would overcome the north and unify the country a century later. He became the first king of the first dynasty.

Egypt

3100 BCE

The Egyptian civilization began when King Narmer founded the first Egyptian dynasty.

Egypt

3100 BCE

King Menes found the capital of ancient Egypt. The capital was founded in the north near apex of the Nile River. The capital would grow into a great city. It would then dominate the Egyptian society. .The Archaic Period saw the development of the foundations of Egyptian society. The society included beliefs of kingship. To the Egyptians the king was a godlike. king Menes was as closely identified with the all powerful god Horus.

Egypt

2686 BCE

In the Archaic Period most ancient Egyptians were farmers living in small villages. Agriculture which was largely wheat and barley formed the economic base of the Egyptian state. The annual flooding of the great Nile River provided the necessary irrigation and fertilization each year. Farmers sowed the wheat after the flooding receded and harvested it before the season of high temperatures and drought returned.

Egypt

2150 BCE

The Great Pyramids of Egypt were built at Dahshur and Giza and revered as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

European Exploration

1766 BCE

Louis-Antoine de Bougainville was French navigator who explored the South Pacific. He was a leader of the French naval force that first sailed around the world 1766. Voyage autour du monde in 1771. 1772 a Voyage Round the World. These voyages helped popularize a belief in the moral worth of man. A concept of considerable significance in the French thought of his day.

Renaissance

1434 BCE

The Medici family known as the House of Medici gained wealth and political power in Florence.Through their success in commerce and banking. With the rise to power of Cosimo de’ Medici, the family’s support of the arts and humanities made Florence into the cradle of the Renaissance. A cultural flowering rivaled only by that of ancient Greece. The Medicis had four popes in the family.

http://www.history.com/topics/medici-family

Middle Ages

1400 BCE

European writers and artists began to look back and celebrate the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. The period after the fall of Rome was called “Middle” or “Dark” age in which no scientific accomplishments had been made no great art produced and no great leaders born.
http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages

Renaissance

1350 BCE

Petrarch makes his first influential convert to the cause of classical studies. He is visited by Boccaccio a man in which he admired. Boccaccio is nine years younger than Petrarch. Boccaccio has written a biography of Petrarch but has not met him. The event changes Boccaccio's life. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3091&HistoryID=ac88&gtrack=pthc#ixzz4SeEYqEfZ

Renaissance

1341 BCE

A ceremony deliberately reflects the ancient Roman empire. The king of Naples on behalf of the pope in Avignon places a laurel wreath on the brow of Petrarch honouring him. As Augustus might have honoured Virgil.The event symbolizes a renewed interest in culture. It was a movement in which Petrarch is a leading figure. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=fbx#ixzz4RzPk38ko

Renaissance

1300 BCE

The Renaissance begins in Italian city-states. The cathedral in Florence is topped by this magnificent dome. The dome reflects the wealth and artistic brilliance of Renaissance Italy.
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3091&HistoryID=ac88&gtrack=pthc#ixzz4SeEYqEfZ

Renaissance

1200 BCE

Brunelleschi was a painter and sculptor. He was also an architect. He was interested in classical building which lead him into pioneering a unique kind of work. He is the first to evolve a scientific theory of perspective. Brunelleschi is known s to have used this effect in murals in the Baptistery and the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. None of the murals survived. Read more: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3091&HistoryID=ac88&gtrack=pthc#ixzz4SeEYqEfZ

Middle Ages

1096 BCE

Christians launch the first crusade. Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European regions. They were set to leave for Byzantium in August 1096. A less organized group of knights and commoners known as the People’s Crusades set off before the others under the command of a well known preacher known as Peter the Hermit. Peter’s army trekked through the Byzantine Empire leaving destruction in their path.
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades

Middle Ages

1095 BCE

The Crusades when Pope Urban summoned a Christian army to fight its way to Jerusalem. The fight was off and on no one won. In fact thousands of people from both sides lost their lives. They did make ordinary Catholics across Christendom feel like they had a common purpose. They inspired waves of religious enthusiasm among people who might otherwise have felt isolated from the official Church.
http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages

Greece

800 BCE

800 B.C. was a sophisticated time in world history. Archaic Greece had advanced art, poetry and technology, but most importantly it was the age in which the city-state was invented.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece

Middle Ages

800 BCE

Frankish king Charlemagne the Emperor of the Romans. He was the first since that empire’s fall more than 300 years before. Over time Charlemagne’s realm became the Holy Roman Empire. One of several political individual in Europe whose interests tended to match with those of the Church.
http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages

Greece

776 BCE

The first Olympic Games are held at Olympia. The winning athletes receive an olive-branch crown. The crown is a symbol of honor. The games begin as part of a religious festival. There were dedicated to Zeus, king of the gods.
http://www.timeforkids.com/destination/greece/history-timeline

Rome

753 BCE

legend has it Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus twin brothers. The sons of Mars. They were left to drown in a basket on the Tiber river by a king of nearby Alba Longa they rescued by a she-wolf the twins lived. They defeated the king that left them to die and found their own city on the river’s banks in 753 B.C. After Romulus killed his twin brother Remus he became the first king of Rome, which is where Rome got its name.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome

Greece

750 BCE

Greek colonies showed up from the Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from North Africa to the coast of the Black Sea. There were over than 1,500 colonial city states by the end of the 7th century. all the city states was an independent. The new city states were self-governing and self-sufficient.http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece

Middle Ages

632 BCE

After the prophet Muhammad’s death Muslim armies conquered large parts of the Middle East. Uniting them under the rule of a single caliph.The Islamic world was growing larger and more powerful. The medieval Islamic world was more than three times bigger than all of Christendom.
http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages

Rome

509 BCE

Rome’s era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. when its seventh king was overthrown. Ancient historians called Lucius Tarquinius Superbus cruel and tyrannical, compared to his kind fore holder. A popular uprising was said to have arisen over the rape of a virtuous noblewoman, Lucretia, by the king’s son. Whatever the cause, Rome turned from a monarchy into a republic, a world derived from property of the people.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome

Mesopotamia

500 BCE

Mesopotamia becomes part of the
Achaemenid Persian empire

Rome

450 BCE

The Twelve Tables were inscribed on 12 bronze tablets which are the first Roman law code. They were publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. The Twelve Tables included issues of legal procedure, civil rights, property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil law.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome

Rome

390 BCE

During the early republic Roman state grew becoming more and more rapid in both size and power. Gauls sacked and burned Rome in 390 B.C. the Romans rebounded under the leadership of the military hero Camillus. Gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome

Rome

107 BCE

Gaius Marius was a commoner. Whose military skill rasied him to the position of consul. He was consul for six terms in 107 B.C. He was the first of a series of warlords. Who would dominate Rome during the late republic.

http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome

Greece

7 BCE

seventh century B.C. the city-states had many similarities. They all had economies that were based on agriculture. Land was every city-state’s most valuable resource. Most city-states had overthrown their kings or basileus and were ruled by a small number of wealthy aristocrats.
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece

European Exploration

May 20, 1498

Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches India after rounding Africa. His voyage sets the stage for the rise of a Portuguese trading empire. Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama becomes the first European to reach India using the Atlantic Ocean when he arrives at Calicut on the Malabar Coast.

European Exploration

Aug 31, 1521

Cortes completes conquest of the Aztec. After three months they conquered Tenochtitlán the empires capital. Cortes men leveled the city and captured Cuauhtemoc the Aztec emperor. In only one century Cuauhtemoc grew this small civilization into an empire. It grew into an empire fast due to its advanced system of agriculture.

European Exploration

Sep 6, 1522

The Vittoria completes the first circumnavigation of the globe. The expeditions original leader, Ferdinand Magellan, and 4 other ships do not survive the voyage. Juan SebastiÁn de Elcano took charge of the vessel after the murder of Magellan in the Philippines.During a long hard journey home the people on the ship suffered from starvation, a lack of vitamin c, and harassment by Portuguese ships. Only Elcano and 17 other Europeans, and four Indians survived the trip to Spain.

European Exploration

Jan 26, 1600

Africans continue to be enslaved and shipped to the Americas. On the west coast of Africa is where Europeans have forts used as trading posts. Almost 300,000 sailors engaged on slave trade. Ten to twelve millions Africans were enslaved during this time.They were part of what is called the Triangular trade.