-
Located in the southern parts of Mesopotamia. Thought of as the "cradle" of Middle-Eastern civilization.
-
-
-
Each city-state was ruled by a king who controlled the affairs in the walls as well as in the surrounding rural area. 80% of Sumer's population lived in one of these states.
-
-
Not much is known about this civilization. It was comprised of small republics that were ruled by priests but had no temples or palaces.
-
This civilization developed along the Central Coast of Peru. They had an extremely rich fishing industry with anchovies and sardines.
-
The pyramids constructed during this time reflected the citizens' beliefs that the high ranking people will have a safe passage to "eternal life in the Land of the West."
-
This obviously reduced the crop yields. On top of this, salinization of the soil was becoming a bigger problem but, it's what happens when there is a long period of irrigation going on in the area.
-
Local officials and nobles had the higher authority at this time.
-
Because of the environmental devastation, Sumer was left weak to the outside forces. Stronger groups from northern Mesopotamia conquered all of Sumer. The Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians would in the later years take up all of Mesopotamia.
-
-
These led to a decrease in agricultural output, a lot of starvation, loss of livestock, and political disruption from the citizens.
-
-
-
-
Emperor Wu made flood control projects.
-
-
These laws offered women paternal protection only if they submissed to the authority of men.
-
-
The Pharaohs never gained back the power and prestige that they had back in the Old Kingdom. Kings had to now partake in the Day of Judgement for their actions.
-
Ancient Mesopotamian poem.
-
-
-
-
The Babylonian Empire scribed laws of punishment called the Code of Hammurabi. The severity of the punishments depended on social status.
-
The repeated irrigation made the salt in the soil increase. The mud bricks and dried in ovens required a lot of wood which contributed to deforestation and soil erosion. This lead to the people to abandon the cities.
-
-
-
Because of the migration, Egypt got introduced to horse-drawn chariots, new armor, weapons, new instruments, olive and pomegranate trees, etc.
-
-
-
The Hittites had access to chariots which made it easier for them to threaten the Babylonian civilization.
-
-
-
Egpyt became an imperial state to several countries bridging Africa and Asia. The Egyptian Empire became part of the international political system with the Babylonian and Assyrian Empires.
-
Even though Egypt was patriarchal, they gave their women greater opportunities to get into power. Hatshepsut was Egypt's most famous queen but was sometimes portrayed as a man.
-
-
Along the Coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Olmec arose from a bunch of chiefdoms.
-
-
-
The Zhou Dynasty emperors were ruled by the Mandate of Heaven. But if the emperors weren't well behaved, the Mandate could be overthrown along with them.
-
-
-
-
-
-
The Kush was able to rule Egypt for a solid hundred years.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Qin was supposedly China's first emperor. He was brutal and adamant about linking all of China's warring states and unifying them.
-
-
-
-