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John locke
john locke(1632-1704) was one of the most influential thinkers and known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism" was one of the first British empiricists. He made an important contribution to the theory of social contract. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, thinkers of the French Enlightenment, -
The outbreak of revolutions
the conflict between the king and the bourgeoisie provoked the outbreak of the revolutions of 1642 and 1688 that ended with the expulsion of the Stuart dynasty from the throne and the triumph of the parliamentary monarchy -
the independence of spain
Spain became independent in 1648 and became a republic in which power was exercised by the most influential citizens, the bourgeois -
Ephraim Chambers
Ephraim Chambers (1680-1740) was an English encyclopedist. The first edition appeared in 1728, in two volumes, The Encyclopedia of Diderot and D'Alembert owed its beginning to a French translation of Chambers' work. In addition, Chambers wrote for the Literary Magazine (1735-1736), and translated the History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris (1742), and the French Perspective Practice of Jean Dubreuil. -
Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain (1683-1746), was king of Spain from November 16, 1700 until his death in 1746, with a brief interruption (between January 16 and September 5, 1724) because of the Abdication in his son Luis I, when he died on August 31, 1724. -
declaration of rights
The king guaranteed a series of rights and liberties and it was indicated that the monarch could not approve the laws that give new taxes or collect them and the approval of the Parliament. -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu (1689-1755) was a French philosopher and jurist whose work develops in the context of the intellectual and cultural movement known as the Enlightenment. It was one of the most relevant, especially for the articulation of the theory of the separation of powers, which It has been introduced in some constitutions of several States, with greater influence on the Constitution of the United States -
Voltaire
Voltaire (1694-1778) was a French writer, historian, philosopher and lawyer, who belonged to Freemasonry and figures as one of the main representatives of the Enlightenment, a period that emphasized the power of human reason, science and respect towards humanity. In 1746 Voltaire was elected a member of the French Academy -
the war of succession
In 1701 begins the war of the succession that was an international conflict in which they faced a coalition of European powers. -
Rousseau
Rousseau (1712-1778) was a writer, pedagogue, philosopher, musician, botanist and naturalist, and although defined as an enlightened, presented deep contradictions that separated him from the main representatives of the Enlightenment, and being considered one of the first writers of pre-Romanticism -
Archduke Carlos
in 1713 Archduke Charles was named emperor, a fact that marked the end of the war -
Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot (1713-1784) was a decisive figure of the Enlightenment as a French writer, philosopher and encyclopedist. He marked milestones in the history of each of the fields in which he participated: he laid the foundations of bourgeois drama in theater, he revolutionized the novel with Jacques you fataliste or La religiosa and the dialogue with the paradox of the comedian. -
Fernando VI of Spain,
Fernando VI of Spain, called "the Prudent" or "the Just" (1713-1759), was king of Spain from 1746 to 1759. He was married in the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista de Badajoz with Barbara de Braganza in 1729, which was Queen of Spain until her death in 1758 -
the Treaty of Utrecht
In 1714 the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in which Felipe V is recognized as king of Spain -
Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain, called "the Politician" a or "the Best Mayor of Madrid" (1716-1788), was Duke of Parma and Plasencia between 1731 and 1735, King of Naples and King of Sicily from 1734 to 1759 and of Spain from 1759 until his death in 1788.
and served family politics as a piece in the struggle to recover Spanish influence in Italy -
Jean d'Alembert
Jean d'Alembert (1717-1783) was a French mathematician, philosopher and encyclopedist, one of the greatest exponents of the Enlightenment movement. He was famous for creating, with Diderot, L'Encyclopédie and for his work in the field of mathematics, relative to differential equations and partial derivatives. -
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher, considered one of the greatest exponents of classical economics and philosophy of economics.
He is best known for his work `The Wealth of Nations' (1776), which is a study about the process of creation and accumulation of wealth. It was the first complete and systematic study on the subject, Smith is known as the father of the modern economy. He was Honorary Rector of the University of Glasgow -
the encyclopedia
The encyclopedia was published between 1751 and 1780 although it is a work of 1728 created by the British Ephraim Chambers. -
George washinton
Gerge Washinton (1732-1799) was the first president of the United States between 1789 and 1797 and commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Continental Army in the War of Independence of the United States. In the United States he is considered the Father of the Nation. -
James Watt
James Watt (1736-1819) was a Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor. The improvements he made to the Newcomen machine gave rise to what is known as a water steam machine, which would be fundamental in the development of the first Industrial Revolution, both in the United Kingdom and in the rest of the world. -
thomas jefferson
thomas jefferson (1743-1826) in 1776 wrote the first declaration of virginia, in which the principles of national sovereignty, division of powers and suffrage were enunciated -
Louis XVI
Louis XVI of France (1754-1793) was king of France and of Navarre1 between 1774 and 1789, co-Prince of Andorra between 1774 and 1793, and king of the French4 between 1789 and 1792.3 -
Robespierre
was known as Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) was a lawyer, writer, speaker and French politician nicknamed He was one of the leaders of the French Revolution, deputy, president of the National Convention. and he ruled France during the revolutionary period known as the Terror -
The first industrial revolution
in 1760 the first industrial revolution began, where the factory was moved from the workshop to the textile industry and the iron and steel industry. Liberalism based on the theory of Adam Smith was also disseminated. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 -1821) was a military man and French ruler, a Republican general during the Revolution. in 1799 he was appointed consul for life from August 2, 1802 until his proclamation as emperor of the French on May 18, 1804 -
new inventions between 1770 and 1830
Between 1770 and 1830 numerous cannals were made to transport goods such as coal. In 1807, the American fulton put into operation the first commercial line with steam-powered boats. and in 1814 the steam locomotive was built -
the British Parliament
the British Parliament of 1773 established the tea acts, which gave the monopoly of the vein of tea in the colonies to the English company of the East Indians -
the war of independence
the war of independence (1775-1783) the settlers, led by George Washinton, were supported by Spain and France -
the mutiny of Esquilache
in 1766 provoked the Esquilache mutiny, a popular uprising against Carlos III -
the Declaration of Independence of the United States
on July 4, 1776 the representatives of the thirteen colonies, meeting at the cotinetal congress of Philadelphia, signed the Declaration of Independence of the United States -
George Stephenson
George Stephenson (1781-1848) was a British civil engineer and civil engineer who built the first public rail line in the world that used steam locomotives and the first rail line with passenger transport that used steam locomotives. Known as the "father of the railroads", he designed the first modern rail line completely. He is also the creator of the 1435 mm track width, known as the "standard track width". -
the peace of versalles
the peace of Versailles was signed in 1783 after the victories of Saratoga and Yorktown -
the constitution of the united states
in 1787 the constitution of the united states was approved, the first of history. it recognized national sovereignty and the separation of powers -
french revolution
in 1789 started the french revolution -
the constituent assembly
the constituent assembly (1789-1791). On July 4, 1789 Paris assaulted Bastilla. on August 4 the assembly abologated feudal rights and days later approved the declaration of the rights of man and citizen -
the national assembly
in 1789 the general states met in Versailles, each estate drafted its frames of complaints, in June it became known as the national assembly -
the legislative assembly
in 1791 the legislative assembly was established -
the Girondina Convention
the Girondina Convention (1792-1793) abolished the monarchy. the beginning of the republic marked the change towards the radical and popular phase of the revolution
the convention judged and condemned luis xvi q was guillotnado the 21 of January of 1793. -
the mountain convention
the mountain convention (1793-1794) there was a coup of state of the sans-culottes against the Girondins in June of 1793 -
the democratic constitutionand
the democratic constitutionand universal m in 1793 recognized popular sovereignty ale suffrage. robespierre assumed all the powers and implanted a dictatorship. -
the peace of Basel
in 1795 the peace of basel was signed -
the constitution of 1795
the constitution of 1795 was approved to avoid a new dictatorship. it recognized the naconal sovereignty, the census suffrage and the separation of powers -
the treaty of San Ildefonso
in 1796 the treaty of San Ildefonso was signed -
Guillermo I and Bismarck
William I of Germany and Prussia (1797-1888) was King of Prussia, from January 2, 1861 and Emperor of Germany, from January 18, 1871 until his death. This named Otto Bismark his prime minister. Bismarck (1815-1898), 1 was a German statesman and politician, the architect of German unification and one of the key figures in international relations during the second half of the nineteenth century . -
the napelonic empire
in 1804 Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor. I participated in several battles,
It was defeated by the British in trafalgar in 1805. But also won the battles of Asterluitz (1805) and Jena (1806). Established the blockade continentaly and this led to the war of independence in 1808. In 1813 was defeated in the battle of leipzig. Napoleon Abdica in 1814 and finally was defeated in 1815 in Waterloo and was deported to the island of Santa Elena. -
the war of trafalgar
in 1805 ocurred the war of trafalgar -
Garibaldi
Garibaldi (1807-1882) was an Italian military and politician. Together with Víctor Manuel II, he was one of the main leaders and architects of the Unification of Italy. -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the sixteenth president of the United States of America from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States during the Civil War, the most bloody and the greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis that the American nation has suffered. At the same time, it preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government and modernized the economy. -
cavour
cavour(1810 -1861) was a politician and statesman of the previous Italy and during the unification. He was an engineer's officer. He left the army and devoted himself to travel abroad studying the economic development of the most industrialized countries such as France and Great Britain. He was named mayor of Grinzane, a town where his family had land. The town changed its name and was renamed Grinzane Cavour as thanks to Camillo Benso, who was its mayor for 17 years. -
the congress of vienna
the congress of vienna (1814-1815) the main european powers met in this congress presided by metternich. to guarantee a lasting peace and avoid new revolutions. -
the germanic confederation
in 1815 the German territory was divided into 39 states. the Congress of Vienna grouped them in the Germanic confederation, presided over by Austria. -
the first revolutionary wave
the first revolutionary wave began in Spain, where in 1820 the irrigation comandate was put against the absolute monarchy of Ferdinand VII. -
Víctor Manuel II
Víctor Manuel II (1820-1878) was the last king of the Kingdom of Sardinia and the first king of Italy. Under his mandate, the Kingdom of Sardinia grew to include all of Italy through the process of Italian Unification. Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy in March 1861. Because of being the first king of a united Italy and being very popular in the population, Victor Emmanuel II was nicknamed the "Father of the Fatherland" -
the independence of greece
in 1821, the Greeks revolted against the Ottoman Empire and achieved their independence in 1829 -
The right of access association
The right of access association was recognized for the first time in Britain in 1824. From that moment the first unions were created (trade unions) that demanded salary improvements, reduction of working hours ... etc. Their main printing instrument was the strike -
the second revoltionary wave
in 1830 the second revolutionary wave took place. It started in France, where Charles X, who had tried to govern in an absolute way, was overthrown. -
the independence of belgium and the rose of poland
in 1831, Belgium became independent and poland rose up against the Russian Empire, but it was repressed very harshly -
National Union
in 1833 there was the National Union of all (trade unions) -
A customs union
In 1834 Prussia organized a customs union, in which Austria did not participate. -
the revolutions of 1848
the revolutions of 1848 affected many countries. the crisis broke out in France in February 1848. the monarchy of kuis felipe de orleans was demolished and the second republic was procured. the constitution of 1848 is also elaborated.
Napoleon made his government increasingly authoritarian, gave a coup d'état and proclaimed the second empire in 1852. -
the first phase of the Italian unification
in 1859 Cavour achieved that France supported the Italian demands. In that same year, the Franco-Piamote army defeated the Austrians in magenta and solferio. -
the second phase of the Italian unification
between 1860 and 1861 the second phase of the unification took place in which it was linked to Piedmontese after the expedition of the "red shirts" of Garibaldi, which seized Naples and Sicily. em 1861 victor manuel II was proclaimed king -
the first phase
the first phase (1864) Prussia invaded and annexed the German population. -
the workers 'organizations
in 1864, the workers 'organizations created the first international workers' association (FIW), which disappeared shortly after the agreements between socialists and anarchists. -
the second phase
The second phase (1866-1869) Prussia faces Austria. the Austrian defeat at the Battle of Sadowa in 1866 made the annexation and creation of the confederation of northern Germany a reality. -
the third phase of the italan uniffication
in 1866 Piedmont supported Prussia in the war against Austria and annexed Venice. -
the Meiji era
in 1868 the Meiji era began in Japan. After centuries of isolation and domination the Emperor Mutsu-hito put an end to feudalism and started a new era -
the third phase
the third phase (1870-1871) Bismarck signed a military alliance with the southern German states. he provoked the outbreak of a war against France that they won after surrendering the Napoleon III. -
the last phase of the italian uniffication
In 1870 the Piedmontese took advantage to occupy Rome, but the Pope or approved this occupation, even though Rome was the capital of Italy. -
the Second Industrial Revolution
from 1870 the Second Industrial Revolution was developed. in which two new sources of energy were created, joint-stock companies were created and new systems were applied to increase production. -
the asamble of notables
in 1787 the king called an assembly of notables to convince the privileged to pay taxes -
the Socialist International
in 1889 they founded the Socialist International (Second International) to coordinate Marxist workers 'organizations. Urbanization created some symbols of the workers' movement, such as the feast of May Day.
