Egyptian History

Second Intermediate Period

7610 BCE

This period included wars, bloodshed, and massive corruption. Trade and immigrants brought several Semitic people who rose in wealth and power to influence the Egyptian nation. People called them Hyksos, or rulers of foreign lands, who brought destruction everywhere they went. But all of this end when Ahmose of Thebes became the pharaoh and drove the Hyksos from all Egyptian land.

Prehistoric Egypt

3100 BCE

First settlers made their homes along the Nile river, settlements started around 3100 B.C Prehistoric Egypt was ruler by many pharaohs such as Narmer, Hor,-Aha, and Menes and it was divided into cultural segments due to the presence of different Egyptian settlements.

Construction of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara

2650 BCE

The word “Saqqara” in Arabic refers to an ancient burial ground for Egyptian pharaohs. The Step Pyramid was built for this purpose and served as a tomb for the Pharaoh Djoser. It is the first of the Egyptian pyramid structures.

Constrution of the Pyramids of Giza

2250 BCE

The Great Pyramid of Giza and the two other smaller pyramids on the site serve as the burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs namely Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Khufu began constructing in 2250 B.C. The Egyptians employed innovative construction techniques to build these larger-than-life complexes. All the workers were highly skilled and dedicated to the cause of their pharaoh.
It was the time too when Egyptians introduced gods for all areas in their lives.

Ending of the Old Kingdom

2150 BCE

Politics and corruption led to the destruction of an entire empire.
Third to the sixth dynasty is referred to the Old Kingdom. At that time Pharaoh Unas ruled the kingdom. However, there was a sudden uprising of government in which the nomarchs, or officials, established autonomy over the central regions and gradually overthrew Unas.
The conflict worsened the country’s economic conditions. Hunger and disease increased at an exponential rate resulting in the deaths of many innocent people.

The Rise of the Middle Kingdom

2055 BCE

Egypt was a civil war zone where Upper and Lower Egypt regions were split by fighting. However, around 2055 BC the civil crusades came to a halt and Upper Egypt emerged victorious. The kingdom prospered until 13th dynasty when pharaohs were considered less superior to the nomarchs.
The nomarchs controlled the people and formed a powerful government which was backed by their wealth. However, towards the 12th dynasty their power started to decline, and this led to the fall of the Middle Kingdom.

The Rise of the New Kingdom

Period: 1539 BCE to 1070 BCE

Ahmose of Thebes marked the beginning of the New Kingdom. Was an era of growth and prosperity where the people were wealth. But it started to fall apart during the reign of Ramesses III. He fought many battles but the one with Sea People weakened hia economy. Continues battles resulted in a shortage of food, more famines, and fewer employment opportunities.

Alexander The Great

332 BCE

Alexander conquered Egypt by defeating the Persians. Egyptians liked him like a leader as he respected their religion and people. He was so charmed but their culture that he started to wear their tradicional dress and study many of their scriptures. He made the City of Alxandria the new capital of Egypt. He conquered the rest of he Persian Empire.

Ptolemaic Dynasty

330 BCE

Was the last rulinf if Egypt, the last ruler was Queen Cleopatra VIII, who committed suicide, marking the end of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, after with the Romans and Araba rules the country.