-
3000 BCE
Egypt
-
Period: 2800 BCE to 2250 BCE
Old Kingdom
-
2600 BCE
Third Dinasty
The first Pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was Djoser of the third dynasty, who ordered the construction of a pyramid (the Step Pyramid) in Memphis' necropolis, Saqqara. An important person during the reign of Djoser was his vizier, Imhotep. -
2500 BCE
Old Kingdom
The Old Kingdom is the period in the third millennium also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the PyramidBuilders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza were constructed under the kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure -
2400 BCE
Fourth Dinasty
The Old Kingdom and its royal power reached a zenith under the Fourth Dynasty , which began with Sneferu. After Djoser, Pharaoh Snefru was the next great pyramid builder. Snefru commissioned the building of not one, but three pyramids. -
2300 BCE
Fifht Dinasty
The Fifth Dynasty began with Userkaf and was marked by the growing importance of the cult of sun god Ra. Consequently, fewer efforts were devoted to the construction of pyramid complexes than during the 4th dynasty and more to the construction of sun temples in Abusir. -
2100 BCE
Sixht Dinasty
During the sixth dynasty the power of pharaoh gradually weakened in favor of powerful nomarchs. These no longer belonged to the royal family and their charge became hereditary, thus creating local dynasties largely independent from the central authority of the Pharaoh. -
2040 BCE
Provincial Goverment
Decentralization during the First Intermediate Period left the individual Egyptian provinces, under the control of powerful families who held the hereditary title of Great Chief of the Nome, or Nomarch. This position developed during the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties, when the various powers of Old Kingdom provincial officials began to be exercised by a single individual -
Period: 2040 BCE to 1650 BCE
Middle Kingdom
-
1900 BCE
After The Collapse
After the collapse of the Old Kingdom, Egypt entered a period of weak Pharaonic power and decentralization called the First Intermediate Period.Towards the end of this period, two rival dynasties, known in Egyptology as the Tenth and Eleventh, fought for power over the entire country. The Theban 11th Dynasty only ruled southern Egypt from the first cataract to the Tenth Nome of Upper Egypt. -
1800 BCE
Middle Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt is the period in the history of ancient Egypt between circa 2050 BC and 1800 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the impulse of Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. -
Period: 1650 BCE to 1100 BCE
New Kingdom
-
1600 BCE
Twelve Dinasty
From the 12th dynasty onwards, pharaohs often kept well-trained standing armies . These formed the basis of larger forces which were raised for defence against invasion, or for expeditions up the Nile or across the Sinai. However, the Middle Kingdom was basically defensive in its military strategy, with fortifications built at the First Cataract of the Nile, in the Delta and across the Sinai Isthmus. -
1550 BCE
New Kingdom
The New Kingdom of Egypt, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. -
1479 BCE
Eightennth Dinasty
The Eighteenth Dynasty contained some of Egypt's most famous Pharaohs, including Ahmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten and Tutankhamun. Queen Hatshepsut concentrated on expanding Egypt's external trade by sending a commercial expedition to the land of Punt. -
1140 BCE
Twentieth Dynasty
The last "great" pharaoh from the New Kingdom is widely considered to be Ramesses III, a Twentieth Dynasty pharaoh who reigned several decades after Ramesses II.
In the eighth year of his reign the Sea Peoples invaded Egypt by land and sea. Ramesses III defeated them in two great land and sea battles (the Battle of Djahy and the Battle of the Delta). -
1077 BCE
Ninetenth Dinasty
Ramesses II ("the Great") sought to recover territories in the Levant that had been held by the 18th Dynasty. His campaigns of reconquest culminated in the Battle of Kadesh, where he led Egyptian armies against those of the Hittite king Muwatalli II.
