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2023 BCE
Religious Conflicts
There were many religious conflicts in the past. For example, the India Partition which happened in 1947 caused by a range of political choices made by both the Indian elites and the British. The Demand for a separate Muslim nation Pakistan came from a belief that Muslim required their own state to safe guard. It led to one of the largest migration, accompanied by violence. This partition formed two nations India and Pakistan -
The Columbian Exchange
In 1492 the Columbian exchange formed connections everywhere, transferring goods,microbes.People adapted the food, animals.The diseases led to deaths, causing the population of Americas to decrease.Animals like horses changed the lifestyle of native people and agriculture.Plants from the new world had a big effect on Europe, for example the Italian cuisine, which is filled with tomatoes. As people moved from East to West they formed connections and changed lifestyles. -
A sublime empire
In 1453 the Ottoman sultan seized control over Constantinople, this was the start of further expansion, by the middle of 16th century was the most powerful empires. Ottoman armies conquered North Africa, Mesopotamia and the Balkans. The Ottoman expanded rapidly, which meant a lot of wars and prisoner wars. Millions of prisoners were imported to the empire. The diversity came from the importation of enslaved people. The empire had control over the main routes for trade, which brought wealth. -
The Golden Khanate conquer Russia and its consequences
Mongols and Russians lived on the same landmass. In 13th century Mongol Khanate conquered the northern part. They took taxes and many opportunities from Russia to develop as a country. In 14th century the Mongol Empire collapsed and in 1613 Michael Romanov became czar, he modernized the military by adding gunpowder, the empire expanded rapidly. Under czar Peter the Great Russia was victorious in a war with Sweden. By 1750 Russia expanded into Siberia, which was really beneficial -
The revolt of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire
Since the empire seemed power in people, they forced Christian families sell their children in the service of sultan. This process was called devshrime. The empire took the boys and converted them to Islam to train them into soldiers. After that best soldiers and professionals had a little bit more rights, but that was not enough. In 17th and 18th centuries several sultans were overthrown, held captive or killed. By the 18th century the devshirme had been designed to avoid. -
Russian expansions
Russia expanded rapidly. Russian expansion to Alaska was motived by fur trade, since Alaska was rich for fur animals, which would lead to wealth. Eventually, Russia sold Alaska to US for$7.2 million in a deal known as Alaska purchase. The expand to Astrakhan was to obtain key trade routes. This also led to establishing presence. The expand to Crimea was to strategically control the Black Sea region. This led to Crimea becoming a significant part of Russia. Russia also expanded to Kazan,Siberia. -
The establishment of maritime empires
Motivated by the allurement of enormous profit, the Portuguese and Spanish along with British and Dutch sought to build sea based empire and make a fortune out of it. Their arrival brought violent warfares, diseases, land grabs and slavery. The Europeans had control over the Caribbean, Philippines, Andes, North Africa and Mediterranean. Conquering, developing and managing maritime empires was a costly prospect. This is why the expansion relied on merchants, who could develop new territories -
Great Northern War
Happened in 1700-1721 between Sweden and Russia, Peter the Great wanted to gain access to the Balctic sea resulting in a direct conflict with Sweden. It led to an expansion of Russian territory and gaining access to the Balctic sea and the reshape of political landscape. -
Anglo Spanish war
Happened in 16th century between England and Spain due to religious strife between Catholic people and Protestants during reformation. Contributed to it's maritime and colonial ambitions. -
ottoman Safavid wars
Happened In 16th-18th centuries between Ottoman and Safavid empires due to religious rivalry and territorial disputes, which led to the drain of resources and weakening of both empires, contributing to their eventual decline -
Helocentric model of Nicolaus Copernicus.
Nicolaus Copernicus developed a heliocentric model and published it in 1543. This model positioned the Sun at the center of Universe with Earth and other planets orbiting around it. This development changed the role of astronomy in society, taking religion out of it. -
The development of Isaac's Newton three laws of motion
Isaac Newton developed the three laws of motion in 1686. The first law is that every object moves in a straight line unless acted upon force. The second law says that the force of an object is equal to its mass times acceleration. In the third law, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. These laws are universal so in that time they helped people to understand the motion more not only on Earth, but also in the sky. -
Galileo"s creationof telescope
In 1609 Galileo constructed his own telescope after hearing about the Danish perspective glass.He made the telescope increasingly higher magnifying power for his own use and to present his patrons. He was a skilled instrument maker and his telescope were known for their high quality -
French Revolution
The dissatisfaction of common people with absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. It began with the storming of Bastile. Inspired by liberal ideas it started overthrowing government and gave a start of a bloodshed. It was a period of major social upheaval that began in 1787 and ended in 1799. -
Boston tea party
A protest in 1773 by colonists in North America who objected to British taxation without representation and demonstrated it by dumping British tea taken from docked ships into the harbor -
English civil war
It was caused by a conflict between Charles 1 and the parliament, which did not want to approve him and did not give money for the funds.Charles 1 then sought money from taxes and various fines. There was also a huge debt caused by participating in wars and his lavish lifestyles. Multiple clashes began. It led to Charles 1 being sentenced to death. -
American revolution
Britain started competing over colonies in North America to gain greater control, which led to a bitter rivalry with France and colonists starting a boycott refusing to buy any English goods. Britain ended up gaining control over 13 colonies, while American colonists did everything they could to stop the British rule by uniting. -
Haitan revolution
In 1791 the mistreatment of slaves and a strict social division resulted in an overthrow of a French regime by Africans. The leader of the revolution was Toussaint L'Ouverture, an ex-slave who freed the slaves on the eastern part of Haiti. It resulted in the development of an independent county found by formal slaves -
Mexican independence
On September 16 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo, a priest called on all Indian peasants to rebel against their Spanish masters. Today, that call is known as grito de Dolores. This group began 200 mile march toward Mexico City armed sickles and stones. The new leader Jose Maria Morelos led creoles and made Mexico independent in 1821 -
Independence of Argentina
Simon Bolivar was a writer, fighter and political thinker and Jose de San Martin helped win independence for Argentina in 1816. Bolivar led a combined army to victory in 1824 that gave independence to all the former Spanish colonies. -
Independence pf Brazil
Napoleon armies entered Portugal in 1807 the royal family escaped to Brazil. For the next 14 years Brazil was the center of Portuguese empire. People in Brazil wants their independence in 1822 8000 creoles signed a paper asking the son of Portugal king's son to rule an independent Brazil, he agreed and Brazil became independent without bloodshed