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The Franks were united under the meyerss & started to spread Christianity in Europe.
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"William Duke of Normandy’s historic victory over the Saxon army of King Harold, leading to the conquest of England and the eventual replacement of the Anglo-Saxon dominated society by a Norman French." http://www.britishbattles.com/norman-conquest/battle-hastings.htm
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Lay investiture was the ability to apoint bishops.
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The Crusades were started when the emperor of Constantinople sent an apeal to Pope Urban II for help in fending off the attacks of Muslim-Turks.
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"No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will We proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land." http://www.constitution.org/eng/magnacar.htm
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The Eighth Crusade was launched in 1270 by King Louis IX of France.
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"The Model Parliament of 1295 was England’s first legally elected legislature. Each county elected two knights, and each borough two burgesses, and each city two citizens." http://maldencapell.wordpress.com/2010/05/30/1295-the-model-parliament/
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Two different popes were elected; the Roman Pope, & the regular one. This created a split in the church. http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/westeurope/greatschism.html
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The Siege of Orléans was Joan of Arc's first major military victory. It was a huge turning point in the Hundred Years' War between the French & English. http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/battleview.cfm?bid=230
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Charlemagne was crowned "Emperor" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day.
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Vanacular is the common or native language of a place. IE: Spain- Spanish, France- French, Italy- Italian, ect.
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