Classical period

MesoAmerica

5000 BCE

Increased use of plant foods eventually led to the domestication of certain plants. People grew beans, peppers, avocados, squash, and eventually maize.

Maize Crop

4000 BCE

Maize is from a wild grass that had taken place in central Mexico. Along with it came the cultivation of peppers, squash, tomatoes, and the grains amaranth and quinoa.

The Mound Builders

Period: 2000 BCE to 700 BCE

In the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, people began to practice agriculture. The society combined hunting and agriculture.

Egypt trade

Period: 1500 BCE to 300 BCE

Horses introduced to Africa by the way of Egypt.

Indo-Europeans

1000 BCE

Migrated to Italy.

Beginning of Rome

900 BCE

Started as a small village on the Tiber river and off the Mediterranean coast

Indo-Europeans

800 BCE

Adopted agriculture and made some contact with Greek settlements.

Greek Language

800 BCE

Greeks used the Phoenician alphabet for writing their language. The advancement of literacy helped with trade by helping the exchange of commercial information and enhancing cultural life.

Start of the Greek states

750 BCE

Greek city-states were created and unified against outsiders like the Persians

Trading Connections

700 BCE

Greek centers have trading connections around the black sea, Egypt and south Italy.

Cyrus the Great emerged from the Persians

550 BCE

He established a massive Persian Empire that ran northern Middle East and into northwest india.

Cyrus Persian empire

539 BCE

Created major road systems that helped reduced travel time. Postal service was established as well as a network of inns along the travel roads. The trade routes connect the middle east to central and east Asia.

Zhou era Money introduction

500 BCE

Introduction to the use of copper money and vital materials trade such as horses, iron, and salt

Persians captured Athens

480 BCE

100,000 Persian troops went down the peninsula and capture Athens for rebelling against them.

Chinese astronomers

444 BCE

Developed calendar based on 365.5 days a year

Peloponnesian Wars

431 BCE

War Athens Vs Sparta where because Athens caught a plague that killed one third of the population. Rise of Sparta

Roman Expansion

400 BCE

Rome took over the whole of central Italy.

Roman Expansion

360 BCE

Rome second wave of expansions started towards the southern end of the peninsula.

Rise of Macedon

359 BCE

Philip II ruled over Greece, Egypt and into west Asia. Started the influence of Hellenism

Persian Empire falls

333 BCE

Alexander the Great defeated the Persian army but the language and culture survived of the Persian people in the northeast of the middle east

The rise of Alexander the Great

333 BCE

Alexander took 35,000 troops into Asia and defeated the main Persian Army led by Syria's Emperor.

Alexander the Great end of reign

331 BCE

Alexander the Great dies from a fever in Babylon.

Cleopatra pharaoh of Egypt dies

331 BCE

Cleopatra kills herself

The Rise and Decline of the Mauryas

Period: 322 BCE to 298 BCE

After conquering much of the northwest and driving the Greek successors of Alexander out of India, his armies began to conquer the kingdoms of the Ganges plain that would later form the heartland of the Mauryan Empire.

Roman Expansion

300 BCE

Rome defeated North African City state of Carthage twice.

The Desert People

300 BCE

Settled communities developed in this region, living first in pit houses partially beneath the ground and later in stone structures.

Eurasia and African Trade

Period: 300 BCE to 300

Traded Chinese silks, porcelains, metal ores, and food stuff. Things carried over great distance tended to be higher priced goods.

Southeast Asia Trade

Period: 300 BCE to 300

Trading centers in Southeast Asia supplied China with forest products and other raw materials in exchange for the many items manufactured by China's highly skilled artisans.

Shi Huangdi Emperor

221 BCE

Shi Huangdi overthrew Qin and developed standard script and coinage that are universal through the whole empire.

Shi Huangdi Emperor fall

207 BCE

After his crazy building frenzy about 3 years after his death people began to revolt because they did not want come to work late and be killed.

Liu Bang proclaimed himself Emperor of China

202 BCE

This founded the Han dynasty

Roman Expansion

200 BCE

Rome ruled Greece and all Eastern Mediterranean

Han trade expansion

200 BCE

New overland trade routes into central Asia and south China. Oversea links created Vietnam and southeast Asia with trading towns in coastal India

Han dynasty inventions

200 BCE

The creation of the brush pen and paper. Also development in watermills to grind grain and also power workshops. They also created the compasses to steer and guide ships. There was also rudders created

Han dynasty inventions

200 BCE

Iron and Copper were a resource. Also silk making was increased with the making of lacquer ware and porcelain.

Roman Agriculture

200 BCE

Roman agriculture became increasingly commercialized.

Roman Slave Trade

200 BCE

Most of Roman slaves came from Spain later Britain, Germany and the Slavic Lands of the northern Balkans, and Africa.

Greek Archimedes

200 BCE

Invented the pulley system to pump out flooded ships and to fields. Also wrote about mathematics and measurement of water power.

India Agriculture

200 BCE

New agricultural tools were increased in productivity and made the ability make rice, millet, and wheat, but some villages specialized in cotton and plants for dyes and sugar cane.

Roman Expansion

167 BCE

Romans began to conquer Macedonia and Greece,and they soon set up a protectorate over the Asia coast of the Mediterranean as well as Egypt.

Han Wandi Emperor of China

140 BCE

He succeeded Liu Bang for the throne

Han Wandi expansion

111 BCE

Conquered Vietnamese

Han Wandi expansion

108 BCE

He conquered the empire from the south and east of him. Also parts of Korea were conquered.

India Language

100 BCE

The Vedas were written in Sanskrit in India and became the official language

Rome Declined

180

Rome declined gradually and began losing territory and confronting new economic problems.

Han dynasty Trade success

200

Large mercantile firms controlled all of the long distance trading networks. They traded horses, grain, and bulk items with items for the rich like incense, rhinoceros horns, and fragrant woods.

Han dynasty overthrown

220

220 C.E Han dynasty was overthrown because the later emperors neglected the empire and nomads and outsiders could not be stopped form entering China.

Gupta Empire

400

The start of this indian empire

Fall of Roman Empire

476

476 C.E when the Roman Empire fell

The Decline of Mesoamericans

800

The Mesoamericans world was shaken by the rapid decline of the great culture centers.

Trans-Sahara Trade

800

Trans-Sahara commerce was the basis for the growth of the empire of Ghana, which lay squarely on the trade route.

Toltecs

1000

One of the new groups that occupied the central plateau after the fall of Teotihuacan, established political control over a large territory and eventually extended their influence into Maya Territory. Toltec's spoke Nahuatl.

Ghana Trade

1067

Gold and salt trade increased the kingdom's wealth. The city was divided into two.

The Decline of the Toltec's and The Rise of the Aztecs.

1200

The Toltec civilization empire failed and Aztecs rose to power in the central plateau of mexico

Bantu Trade

1200

Long - distance trade in pottery, metals, canoes, and crafts developed in some regions.