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The British refused to stop trading opium with China, so China and Great Britain went to war. The British won.
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The Japanese wanted control over Korea, but China was in the way, so Japan and China went to war. Eventually. the Japanese won and took control over Korea.
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The Chinese wanted all of the foreigners out of their country because they were dividing China into "spheres of influence," or sections of China where the European nations controlled trade. So they attacked any foreigners they saw, or Chinese people that were converted to Christianity.
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John Hay, US Secretary of State, suggested the Open Door Policy, a policy that would guarantee equal trade and no discrimination in the "spheres of influence."
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In 1921, Mao founded the communist party in China. He thought it would help the peasants and take power from the rich people.
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The Long March was where the communist army fled their bases in Jiangxi because they were surrounded by the Nationalist army of Chiang Kai-shek. They fled to where their currnet base is now, Yan'an.
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After working to fight against the Japanese, the Nationalists and Communists fought and the Communists won. The Nationalists fled to Taiwan and Mao Zedong took control over Communist China.
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The Chinese government tried to turn its farms into collectives, which were badly run. This lead to a famine which killed millions of people.
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The Cultural Revolution was an effort to get rid of the old cultural influences and things that show wealth. This means the Red Guards (young people influenced by Mao and supporters of Mao) destroyed any family heirlooms that showed wealth, humiliated rich people, destroyed signs descriping wealth, and any old influences or foreign influences.
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President Richard Nixon went to meet Mao Zedong in order to improve US relations with China.
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After Mao died, the Cultural Revolution ended. Jiang Qing stayed in power until she was put on trial and was put in prison in 1978.
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Students that were protesting the Chinese way of governing gathered in Tiananmen Square. Since groups of protesters were fighting the police, the ilitary decided to suppress the protests by killing them.
