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Macarthney mission
macartney missionThe Macartney Mission was a British embassy led by George Macartney (portrayed in the image) to Beijing. The 16-month-long mission had a primary objective: to persuade the Emperor of China at that time, Qianlong, to take away some restrictions on trade between Britain and China -
Empress Dowager Cixi
empress dowager cixiEmpress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908)
Empress Cixi was born on the 29th of November 1835. She was the oldest child of an ordinary official.As the eldest child, she was often mistreated, neglected, and unloved. At the age of sixteen, she became a high-ranked imperial concubine to Emperor Xiangeng. -
the first opium war
the first opium warIn 1839, Commissioner Lin Zexu was sent by the emperor to halt the opium trade with the British. Lin Zexu radically prohibited any trade of opium between England and China, and seized all the supplies of it which were currently in China -
The treaty of Nanjing
The Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking) was an unfair treaty signed in 1842, to mark the end of the First Opium War between the British and Qing Empire. The treaty forced the Chinese (who had lost to the stronger and more organized Britain) to oblige to rules that were extremely unfavorable to them. -
the Taiping Rebellion
the taiping rebellionThe TaipingRebellion was a Rebellion, in the years 1814-1864 and seriously challenged China's Qing dynasty. It was the largest rebellion in Chinese history. The Rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, a frustrated candidate in the civil-service examinations and said that he himself, is the son of God and brother of Jesus. -
the second opium war
second opium warThe Second Opium War (1856–60) also called Arrow War are both used in literature. „Second Opium War“ refers to the British objectives: legalizing the opium trade, expanding the trade, opening all of China to British merchants and to take off the tax from British goods exported to China. Britain and France fought “The Arrow War” against China. -
treaty of tientsin
treaty of tientsinThe Treaty of Tientsin was made to end the first part of the Second Opium War. There were four countries involved with this treaty and they were the United States, United Kingdom, Russia, and France. Each of these countries signed the treaty in Tianjin, also known as Tientsin, on June of 1858. First to sign the treaty was Russia on June 13, 1859. -
self- strengthening period
self-strengthening periodThe self strengthening period was a period of institutional reforms during the late Qing dynasty, after they had suffered a number of military defeats. The movement was divided up into three parts. The main goal of the first part was to develop stronger armies and navies for china, which adopted western technology. -
The Sino- japanese war
the sino- japanese warThe Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895, was a conflict between Japan and China for dominance over China's branch, Korea. The Japanese believed that if any nation were to take power over the peninsula of Korea, it would result in a national threat towards Japan. Japan must control Korea in order to protect its motherland -
hundred days' reform
hundred days' reformKing Emperor Guangxu of China ordered a series of reforms aimed at making significant social and institutional changes. The reforms were a reaction of Chinas loss of war against Japan, in the first Sino- Japan war (1894-5). Certain privileges were questioned by a new intellectual elite. The emperor thought to transform the country through his initiatives. -
the boxer rebellion
the boxer rebellionThe Boxer Rebellion Aka: Righteous Harmony Society Movement was a rebellion by commoners against the foreigners in China. The members of this society were called the Boxers (Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists). The Rebellion was a violent anti-imperialism (against foreigners) uprising from 1898-1901 -
Pu Yi
Pu YiAs she lay on her deathbed, The Empress Dowager Cixi chose her successor - Pu Yi. At the time not even three years old, he became the last Emperor of China. His reign began 2 December 1908 and lasted until his abdication on 12 February 1912. -
21 demands from japan
21 demands from japanAfter the Sino-Japanese war, China was left weakened. As the cause of the Sino-Japanese war, Japan gained large spheres of influence in China in the Northern Manchurian parts of China. Japan, at that time was led under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu and Japan wanted to join the economical and the political domination of China, alongside of European imperialist countries. With the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution, Japan saw it the best opportunity to bully China into giving -
warlord Era
warlord eraAfter Yung Sikai rattled a new era, an era where army fractions would run then troubled China. This event would eventually spread controversy, mistrust and disgust.
