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The signing of the Treaty of Nanjing
With the signing of the treatyafter the Opium Wars, the British were able to trade. Later, other nations such as the British, French, German, Japanese, Russian came in to trade and the 'closed doors' of CHina soon disappeared. -
Hong Captures Nanjing
Nanjing was declared Hong's C=capital -
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists was created. They were a group that hated foreigners for the special priveleges that they received above the natives. They also resented Christian Chinese people for adopting a foreign religion.Due to their great physical strength and skill in martial art, they became known as Boxers. -
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The Hundred Days' Reform
In 1898, Guangxu came to hina and tried to modernize the country. He attempted to reorgnize the educational system, strengthen the economy, improve the military, and streamline the government. Officials saw this as a threat to their power, so they went to court and Guangxu was put in jail by the queen, who then reversed all his reforms. -
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Boxer Rebellion
Frustrations erupted into violence, and the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fist finally rebelled. They desceded on Beijing, screaming death to the foreigners, and kept the European part of the city under seige for several months. The Empress aproved, but never sent military reinforcements. -
End of Boxer Rebellion
A multinational force came and quickly defeated the Boxers with their 19,000 soldiers. Despite the failure of the rebellion, nationalism spread like wildfire in China and people wanted their country to gain independence and their government to pay attention to their wants. -
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Exploration
The Qing court realized they needed to explore, so they sent officials around the world to explore. Upon returning, they recommended that CHina restructures the government, based on the constitutional monarchy of Japan. The empress accepted, and began making reforms. They said the new government would be ready by 1917.