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Alexander III came to throne in 1881 on the assination of Alexander II
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In 1894 Nicholas II became a Czar and Nicholas continued the tradition of Russian Autocracy
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The Russain Marxists seperated into two groups over revolutionary tactics. The more moderate Mensheviks wanted a base of popular support for revolution. More radical Bolsheviks supported a small number of committed revolutinaries willing to sacrafice for a change.
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About 200,000 workers and their families approached Czar's winter Palace in St. Petersburg. They carried a petition for better working conditions, personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. Nicholas II generals ordered the soldiers to fire on the crowd. Over a 1,000 were wounded and several hundred were killed
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Nicholas promised more freedom and approved the creation of Duma which is Russia's first parliament.
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The first Duma was met in May 1906. Its leaders were moderates who wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy which was similar to Britain.
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Nicholas II made a decision of bringing Russia into World War 1. The Russians were unprepared to handle the military and econmic costs.
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A ground of nobles murdered Rasputin. Rasputin was described as a holy man and claimed to have magical healing powers. The nobles feared his increasing role in government affairs.
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Women textile workers in Petrograd led a strike that was citywide. The next five days, riots happened over shortages of bread and fuel. Nearly 200,000 workers swarmed the streets shouting "Down with the war"!
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Without any warnings, a armed factory workers stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd calling themselves the Bolshevik Red Guards.They took over the government offices and areested leaders of the provisional government.
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Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia surrendered large part of its territory to Germany and its allies.
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In 1918 was the start of the Civil war in Russia. It started it all when Bolsheviks faced the White Army and the White Army is made up of very different groups. Then Bolsheviks united with the White Army. They barley cooperated with each other and so Several Western nations sent military aid and forces to Russia to help with the White Army.
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In April 11, 1920 the Civil War in Russia ended and many Russians died during the war. After the war, it showed the victory of Bolsheviks and he was able to both to seize power and to maintain it.
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Lenin sometime put aside his plan for state-controlled economy but he restored a small-scale version of capitalism called the New Economic Policy. It allowed peasants to sell their surplus crops instead of turning them over.
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In 1922 Lenin suffered a stroke and so Joseph Stalin came the leader. He was very strict and harsh. He changed his name to Stalin which means "man of steel" in Russian.
