Causes and Consequences of the Reformation

Lorenzo Medici (S,I)

Oct 18, 1449

Lorenzo Medici was an Italian statesmen. He substantially contributed to the Renaissance by supporting other humanists, artists, and was also a humanist. His humanist thoughts and the thoughts of humanists whom he supported financially founded individualism. Individualism led to the Reformation.

Renaissance

Period: Oct 18, 1450 to Oct 18, 1600

Leonardo Davinci (S,I,T)

Oct 18, 1467

Leonardo Davinici was perhaps one of the greatest minds at the time. He was technologically advanced and inspired individualism. Similar to Lorenzo Medici's contribution to causing the Reformation, people became individuals with seperate thoughts.

Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain (P,R)

Oct 18, 1467

The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain unified the Spanish region becoming Spain. Spain would become the great defender of the Roman Catholic Church. Spain would go to war with England and used to the Inquisition to fight back individualism in reformed Christianity.

Spanish Inquistion (S,P,R)

Oct 18, 1480

The Spainsh Inquisition was an anti protestant/anti reformed Roman Catholic organization that set out to destroy all opposition. People were either threatened or killed. This force contributed to causing the Reformation because of creating social unrest among other regions. It also helped keep Spain unified under the Roman Catholicism.

Luther (Lutheranism) (R,I)

Oct 18, 1483

Luther was one of the first individuals to speak out against the Roman Catholic Church. His 95 Theses jump started the Reformation and contributed to the other reformed versions such as Calvinism. He spoke out against the sale of indulgences, baptism, and other religious sacrements.

Tudor Dynasty of England (P)

Oct 18, 1485

Begining with Henry VII, England started to rise from the background and soon become very involved with the conflict between Anglican and Catholic.

Columbus (P,S, I)

Oct 18, 1492

Columbus contributed mainly to the events after the Reformation. Upon his discovery of the New World, he encouraged the Age of Exploration which deeply kept the Spain and Portugal as dominant powers. They were the first to explore the New World as France, HRE, and England fought regligious conflicts.

Vasco Da Gama (I,T)

Oct 18, 1498

Pope Leo X

Oct 18, 1500

Pope Leo X fought agains the Reformers such as Luther and Calvin. He also promoted the Sale of Indulgences to support his construction of a cathedral in Rome. Just as the Reformation started, he became deeply involved in the religious turmoil including the events of the Council of Trent, Diet of Worms, and etc.

Printing Press (T)

Oct 18, 1500

Although the printing press was used before this time. I mark it at this time period because it became essential in spreading the Reformation. The printing press was essential in spreading Luthers views(Lutheranism), Calvin's views(Calvinism), and etc.

The Reformation

Period: Oct 18, 1500 to Oct 18, 1560

John Calvin (Calvinism) (R,I)

Oct 18, 1509

John Calvin was the founder of Calvinsim. In the begining, he followed Luther's crusade against Pope Leo X. As he learned more, he developed his own individual thoughts on ideas such as predestination. He eventually broke off and founded Calvinism. Calvinsim becomes greatly involved in the relgious conflicts in France when the Thirty Years War arises and during the French Civil War.

Machiavelle (I)

Oct 18, 1513

Luther's 95 Theses (I,R)

Oct 18, 1517

Luther's 95 Theses is the number one contributing force in causing the Reformation. Eventhough social unrest was boiling, the 95 Theses spills the pot all over Europe. It argued the ideas of the Sale of Indugences and holy items.

Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (P)

Oct 18, 1519

Castiglione (I)

Oct 18, 1529

Mercantilism (E)

Oct 18, 1530

On the side lines of the Reformation was the idea of Mercantilism. Eventhough it wasn't executed until later periods in the New World, it still arose from the Venetians and application by both Spain and England.

The Age of Exploration

Period: Oct 18, 1530 to Oct 18, 1618

Elizabeth I of England (Anglican) (P,R)

Oct 18, 1533

Elizabeth I was the first woman ruler of England. Because of this, some social disturbances arose of women's postion in society. Elizabeth, however, contributed to supporting protestants during the religious conflicts of Chrisitanity during the Reformation. Because of this, Spain sent a massive fleet to destroy England but was destroyed from bad weather. Overall, her position and behavior helped fuel the Reformation.

Ignatious of Loyola

Oct 18, 1539

The Peace of Augsburg (P,R)

Oct 18, 1555

The Peace of Augsburg ended the religious conflict between Lutheran and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire. Because of this the Reformation started to decline in the Holy Roman Empire, but it was still sparking flames in France and England. This treaty of peace started to create the borders that would soon conflict with other borders in the Thirty Years War.

French Civil War (S,R)

Oct 18, 1562

The French Civil War in 1562 were conflicts between French Catholics and the Huguenots. In the end, it led to large minority of Huguenots that arose in France. This surge of Protestants in France, led to France siding with Protestants during the Thirty Years War. This would shock Europe when France, more Catholic than Protestant, sides with Protestants. This would later make Spain very angry.

Dutch Revolt (S,R,P)

Oct 18, 1566

The Dutch Revolt was a conflict between the Protestants and Spain. The protestant movement was supressed by Phillip II of Spain which lead to a revolt which created independence of the region soon to be the Netherlands and Belgium. The conflict here is to continue once more when the Thirty Years War kicks off in the 17th century.

The start of the Thirty Years War (S,P,R)

Oct 18, 1618

The Thiry Years War was a result of the Reformation because there were still religious disturbances that moved to regions becoming in conflict with other regions. With the rising faction of Protestant and Catholic, alliances were formed. It can be aruged the Reformation continued through the Thiry Years War, but wasn't because the reforming movements were over. It was now time for war. Overall, the Thirty Years War took place in the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, and in Belgium.

Bohemian Phase (S,P,R)

Oct 18, 1618

The Thrity Years War starts with Bohemian Phase. The Bohemian Phase was

The Thirty Years War

Period: Oct 18, 1618 to Oct 18, 1648

Albrecht von Wallenstein (P)

Oct 18, 1625

Gustavus Adolphus (P)

Oct 18, 1630