-
-
Great FamineIn the spring of 1315, unusually heavy rain began in much of Europe. Throughout the spring and summer, it continued to rain and the temperature remained cool. These conditions caused widespread crop failures. The straw and hay for the animals could not be cured and there was no fodder for the livestock. The price of food began to rise. Food prices in England doubled between spring and midsummer. Salt, the only way to cure and preserve meat, was difficult to obtain.
-
-
Lots of money was taken out of circulation in England as it was used to finance the war abroad. E.g. Payment for German and Dutch allies, English army camped in Flanders meant that pay was being spent in that economy. In 1343, there was a famine, but there was no rise in prices as there was no more money in circulation!
-
Tried to manipulate the wool market but failed, English wool was sold cheaply but then proceeds spent abroad.
-
by Edward III.
-
-
Free elections to bishoprics, no papal appointments, recommended by royals.
-
The Statute of Labourers was a law enacted by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 in response to a labour shortage, designed to stabilize the labor force by prohibiting increases in wages and prohibiting the movement of workers from their home areas in search of improved conditions. Wages were frozen to the level they were at in 1346, in an attempt to keep wage costs down.
-
If cases should be heard by English courts, illegal to take them elsewhere (i.e. Rome)
-
Killed 20% of the population of English population.
-
-
-
The Hilary Parliament, held between January and March 1377, levied a poll tax in 1377 to finance the war against France at the request of John of Gaunt who, as King Edward III was mortally sick, was the de facto head of government at the time. This tax covered almost 60% of the population, far more than lay subsidies had earlier. In 1377, every lay person over the age of 14 years who was not a beggar had to pay a groat (4d) to the Crown.
-
The Hilary Parliament, held between January and March 1377, levied a poll tax in 1377 to finance the war against France at the request of John of Gaunt who, as King Edward III was mortally sick, was the de facto head of government at the time. This tax covered almost 60% of the population, far more than lay subsidies had earlier. It was levied three times, in 1377, 1379 and 1381. By 1379 that had been graded by social class, with the lower age limit changed to 16.
-
Benefited general men and women.
-
The term "Lollard" refers to the followers of John Wycliffe, a prominent theologian who was dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for criticism of the Church, especially his doctrine on the Eucharist. Its demands were primarily for reform of Western Christianity.
-
The Hilary Parliament, held between January and March 1377, levied a poll tax in 1377 to finance the war against France at the request of John of Gaunt who, as King Edward III was mortally sick, was the de facto head of government at the time. This tax covered almost 60% of the population, far more than lay subsidies had earlier. It was levied three times, in 1377, 1379 and 1381. The levy in 1381 was particularly unpopular, as each person aged over 15 was required to pay the amount of 1 shilling
-
Peasants' Revolt The revolt was precipitated by King Richard II's heavy-handed attempts to enforce the third medieval poll tax, first levied in 1377 supposedly to finance military campaigns overseas. The Black Death that ravaged England in 1348 to 1350 had greatly reduced the labour force, and, consequently, the surviving labourers could demand higher wages and fewer hours of work.
-
A number of towns, e.g. Coventry benefited and grew as a result of a boom in cloth production.
-
Severe penalties for getting or helping to get ecclesiastical appointment at Rome, (i.e. fine)
-
Prohibited summonses to Rome from being brought into kingdom.
-
ended the Great Schism, the existing two popes were deposed and a new one was elected (Martin V).
-
During this decade food prices were low and farmers who rented land struggled to pay their rents.
