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Invented in a Greek town named Syracus. It was first called the Gastraphete but the Greeks shortly after updated it to be even bigger as they were impressed by the power.
https://www.northallegheny.org/cms/lib9/PA01001119/Centricity/Domain/1134/Catapults.pdf -
The Mangonel Catapult was invented in 400 BCE by the Romans. It was a catapult that used torsion to throw a bolder from a bucket. https://sites.google.com/site/physicsofcatapults/home/history-of-catapults
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Created in China and is believed to be the most powerful of the ancient catapults. it used tension to launch a large projectile out of a sling. https://sites.google.com/site/physicsofcatapults/home/history-of-catapults
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The Onager catapult was designed by the romans and was first heard of being used in the 4th century BCE. It was a variation of the Mangonel catapult that was also made in the same time period https://www.britannica.com/technology/onager-weapon
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Considered to be the largest trebuchet to ever be made. It was over 100 metres tall and could hurdle a 120kg led projectile. It was used by Edward the first to conquer a castle on top a large hill.
https://blog.stirlingcastle.scot/2018/11/21/war-wolf-siege/