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pan africanism
"the attempt to create a sense of brotherhood and collaboration among all people of African descent whether they lived inside or outside of Africa. The themes raised in this excerpt connect to the aspirations of people, the values of European culture, and the world of African colonies." -
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india independence movement
india rebelled againist british rule, gandi led peaceful protestests, including the salt march during this time. which eventually leads to independence for India.. -
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congo independence movement
"Belgian Congo demanded the end of colonial rule: this led to the country's independence on 30 June 1960. Minimal preparations had been made and many issues, such as federalism, tribalism, and ethnic nationalism, remained unresolved." -
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salt march
non-violent protests from Indians againist the British, led by gandi. caused by britans salt taxes and not allowing Indians to collect or sell salt. -
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nelson mandela
he started as a protester for human rights in africa in the 40's, eventually helped bring an end to apartheid, and then became president of south africa. until his death is 2013 he campaigned for peace and fair rights. -
group areas act
a law that segregated racial groups into certain areas to live/work. more than 800,000 people were forced to move. -
pass laws
"the government enacted an even more rigid law that required all African males over the age of 16 to carry a “reference book” containing personal information and employment history. " -
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Defiance Campaign
boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience (all non violent) protest's from civilians in africa. protesting for freedom, nationality, self governing. protests ended up being arrested -
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Ghana independence movement
gained independence from Britain. Ghana became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and was led to independence by Kwame Nkrumah who transformed the country into a republic, with himself as president for life. -
sharpeville massacre
police shoot killing/wounding around 250 people. police accused protesters of throwing stones at them, so they open fired -
Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
president of the congo was assassinated -
Khmer Rouge
a communist party of cambodia that takes over the goverment, wants everyone to be the same, kills anyone who is not -
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cambodian civil war
fought between the khmer rouge and the goverment of cambodia, the khmer rouge wins and takes over -
cape town
cape town building are destroyed because the district had been declared it was for white residents. -
homelands
homelands were created to put african citizens there in order to get them out of south africa. no other countries would accept the homelands as territory's -
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deportation
africans have their citizenship taken away, forces to move into poverty. by 1986 when pass laws are abolished 17 million people had been arrested -
homelands abolished
citizenship is given back to those born outside the homelands, and in 1994 the homelands went back to being a part of south africa