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An Italian painter and architect who is considered one of the first Renaissance artists
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Often called the "Father of Humanism", credited with imitating the 14th century renaissance, and was a model for lyrical poetry
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A revival of classical culture in Italy
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A revival of culture outside of Italy that had fewer ties to the classical era.
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Italian sculptor, created the Statue of David, and developed illusionism
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Systematically explored the coast of West Africa, established trade routes for the Portuguese, and was responible for early development of Portuguese exploration
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The Portuguese started an age of exploration and naval importance after their exploration of the West Coast of Africa.
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Symbol of the Italian Renaissance, example of perfect "Renaissance Man", painter, architect, and inventor. Painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
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Holy Roman Empire falls in the east
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Gutenberg's device allows mass production of literature, causing a spread of ideas and literacy
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The first in the line of Tudor monarchs.
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German friar and preacher who sold indulgances in exchange for money.
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Author of "The Prince" which gave a view of the government systems of time, and how power should be obtained and maintained.
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Creator of the Sistine Chapel artwork and he was considered the greatest artist in his lifetime. He had great influence on Western art
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Italian painter, who made works such as "The School of Athens", considered one of the great masters of his time
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Started the Protestant Reformation after posting his 95 Theses.
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A leader of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland,
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Responsiblie for the separatioln of the Church of England from the Catholic Church. Started the idea of Divine Right.
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Religious leader of the Counter-Reformation. Founded the Society of Jesus and had complete obediance to the pope.
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Spain was completely under catholic rule, Columbus' expedition to America, Jews were banished from Spain
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Similar to the Portueguese age of exploration. The Spanish discovered the Americas in 1492, and were more investigative of the lands they found than their Portuguese counterparts.
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Monarch of Valois, he initiated the French Renaissance, and started the French colonization of America.
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Charles VIII gathered an army of 25,000 men, 8,000 Swiss mercenaries, and the first siege train to include artillery. With this he invaded the Italian peninsula, which was succesful at first, but Italy then joined together to oppose the French forces.
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Apposed the Protestant Reformation, and helped start the Counter-Reformation
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A fresco made by Raphael that embodies the connection of the Renaissance to the Classical age. Is considered to be Raphael's greatest work.
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A leadrer in the Protestant Reformation, created a Christian theology that later became known as Calvinism.
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Machiavelli's "The Prince" shows his ideals of government and Renaissance Princes
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A prominent Spanish mystic, Counter-Reformation leader, and believer of contemplative life through mental prayer.
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Martin Luther posts his ideas of how the church is corrupt and kick starts the Protestant Reformation
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The schism of Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther's "95 Theses" stating the issues with the Catholic Church. Many new groups of Christianity spawned as a result of this Reformation
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A religious movement that started as a reform for the Catholic church. This was popluar in Northern Europe, and people followed Luther and his ideas.
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A major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and Christian practice of John Calvin. Popular in Nothern Europe.
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The Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation. Began with the council of Trent.
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The embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. Defined heresies of the Protestant Reformation and clarification of Church Doctrine.
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Charles abdicated the territories of Netherlands and Charolais, then abdicated himself from his empire, handing it to his son Phillip.
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