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The creation of the printing press helped create books by transferring the ink onto paper at a faster rate. Thanks to the printing press, Martin Luther became the first best selling author and got to spread his message. -
The advances in technology helped assist many explorers. One specific technological advancement that helped was the Caravel. The Caravel was an advanced boat that was smaller and faster than most. Although they were not made in this period, the Astrolabe and the Lateen sail were also crucial throughout explorations. -
The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition was to combat heresy throughout Spain. Phillip II 100% supported this Inquisition and wanted his country to be fully Catholic.
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The Balance in Government refers to the switch in power from the Tudor line, starting with Henry VIII and ending with Elizabeth I. The power then changed to the Stuart line starting with James I, then ending with James II.
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Bartolomeu Dias was a Portuguese explorer. He was the first European navigator to round the tip of Africa. He originally named it "Cape of Terrible Storms", then later renamed it "The Cape of Good Hope"
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The return of early renaissance came back with exploration. The strive for human achivement was very prevalent as the search for spices and desire of wealth became popularized.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas was a way of resolving the fighting between the Spanish and Portuguese. The Eastside was Portuguese territory, and the Westside was Spanish territory. Only Catholics had to follow this rule because the Pope put it in place. The Line of Demarcation was the official separation of land. -
Vasco de Gama was a Portuguese explorer. He was the first European to reach India by sea. He "found" Calicut, which was the original spice island. He sailed with two ships for two years. On these voyages, half of his men died and two ships sank. He traveled to and from the island three times, and on his third journey, he died of Malaria. -
Mercantilism fort became popularized in Europe. The idea of mercantilism was that you export more goods than you import as a way of increasing common wealth. The basics of mercantilism were that European colonies only exist to enrich the mother country, colonies can’t trade with other colonies, and colonies sell at a discount the other mother country. It led to the countries not wanting to trade with each other, resentment and rebellion, smuggling, and taxation.
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Pedro Cabral was a Portuguese explorer who was the first European to find Brazil for the Portuguese. His original goal was to find the rest of Africa. -
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer who was the first European to discover the Pacific Ocean. He walked across Panama to prove that there is more ocean. -
Luther posts the 95 theses of concern regarding the ethics of selling indulgences. He posted the thesis on the door of the church the day before all Saint's Day because knew there would be a large crowd to read it.
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Charles V had control over the Holy Roman Empire and South America. He declared himself as the number one defender of Catholicism. His mission was for everyone in Spain to be Catholic. -
The City of the Aztecs was abundant in precious metals such as gold and silver. Hernán Cortés, who was friends with Montezuma, kidnapped him and conquered his city.
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Similar to the Aztecs, the Incas had access to many precious metals. The Incas were located South of Mexico. Francisco Pizarro was the conquistador who took down the Incas.
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Henry the 8th gets an annulment from his first wife Katherine of Aragon, with the help of Thomas Cranmer. One year later he separates form the Catholic Church. -
Ignatius of Loyola was Spanish priest who founded the Jesuits. He was one of the most influential figures during the Counter-Reformation. -
Geneva was the home base for Calvin and his followers. Geneva was governed by a council of Calvinist priests. -
The Book of Common Prayer was created by Thomas Cramer and Edward I, the first son of Henry VIII. The Book of Common Prayer was a literature text used in Anglican churches. -
Charles V “quit” being king and split his land amongst his son, Phillip and nephew, Fredrick. His son later became king.
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One his father was abdicated form the throne, Phillip II shared the land with his cousin, Fredrick. Phillip was very task oriented his approach to being king. Similar to his father’s Phillip was a defender of the Catholic Church. Phillip was married to Mary Tudor, the half sister of Elizabeth Tudor. This cause many conflicts between Phillip and England.
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Once Mary ascends to the throne, she executes over 400 Anglican priests. She blames the seperation of her parents on Thomas Cranmer and has him executed as a way of revenge. -
Elizabeth the First was the second child of Henry Vlll. She ascended to the throne after her younger half-brother Edward died. During her reign, she converted the country back to England back to Protestantism.
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This compromise legalizes Anglicanism and Catholicism. One of the comprise laws was that you could not convert to Catholicism. This led to unity throughout Europe.
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The 2 day slaughter of Huguenots led by Catholics. It started with police killing, then gradually spread throughout Paris.
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In spite of Phillip II, Queen Elizabeth disguised English-Dutch troops to invade Spain. This event led to the Spanish Armada.
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After Queen Elizabeth's subtle attack on Spain Phillip II sent Spanish fleets into England to destroy their country. The English Armada was led by Francis Drake. The Spanish armada was defeated by storms and England won. -
The Dutch East India Company was created to protect the colonies against English, French, or Spanish issues. This company is the most successful company known to man.
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Loius XIV takes pwer after Cardinal Richelieu, the right-hand man of the king. Louis XIV had many problems with parliament because he believed in the Divine Right of Kings, and didn't want to share power with them, He ruled for 72 years and 110 days. Louis almost bankrupted the city of Paris because he used so much money to pay for parties and buy mansions. He eventually revoked the Edict of Nantes and forced all the Huguenots out of France. He was referred to as the Sun King. -
Charles I, Charles II's father was executed by Parliament. Once the monarchy needed to be restored, they called on Charles II and he agreed to be king. His first order was that all the parliament members who had a role in his father's death be executed. Charles had a kid named James II who would later become king. -
The Glorious revolution is when parliament established its power over the monarchy. It is called the Glorious Revolution because it was mostly bloodless.