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In ancient Egypt, it was divided into Upper Egypt (located to the south, valley area) and Lower Egypt (located to the north, the Nile Delta). Sometimes arround 3.100 bc the Upper Egypt become north and invaded lower Egypt, unifiying the two kingdoms under a single ruler who took the title of pharaoh and wore a double crown.
Most account attributes this moment to King Menes or King Narmer. -
Ubicated between the rivers Tigris- Eufrates. There started the developing of the agriculture cattle farming. The ancient mesopotamiawas as essentialas it was mysterius. The history was born there. In thefourth millenium BC.
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Is considerate the oldest civilation. The society was hieralchical (King, Priest, Army, merchants, craftsman, farmer, slaves). Inspirated the religion, mythology and astrology. The style architectural more well know, is the zigurats (it was the base of the Babel tower). The economic was based in the agriculture and cattle farming. Inventing the wheel, bricks of adobe, sexagesimal system and the first handbook of medicine.
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This civilization was developing in turn of the Nile river during 4000 years. Its economy was based on agriculture which is marked by flood cycle of the Nile river.
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Appeared the monarchy in which the fharaon had a absolute power over everything.The socity was hierarchical.The politics was a hereditary theocracy, where the pharaon was considerated as a god.The capital was Menphis.The economic was based in agriculture and depends of the Nile river (the fertil land ).The people lived in rural areas The architecture was monumental using stone carved into large blocks.Hieroglyphic writing system developed.
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Considerate the first Empire. The economy is centered in the Palace The society was divided in : free( priest and military), semifree (palace workers) and slaves ( geme and namra; the firs were slaves by decision of a judge, and the second, were war prisioner). The economy was based on the construction of cities whith great temples and palace.The writing was cuneiform, They introduced wool as a raw material, introduced the plow andtablet to designate laws.
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Egipt reuned. the capital was Tebes. There is a heyday of egyptian literature and artistic expression there is a more hume representation of the pharaon. The middle kingdom begins with the unification of Egypt under Mentuhotep II.
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Great developed of agriculture and grazing. The supreme leader was the King and represented the God in the Earth and he was insured by priest and nobles. The main economic source was the agriculture. In the architecture stands out palaces and temples, to highlight the hanging gardens of Babylon. Contributions: maths, precursors of astrological cardsDescription the years with 12 months and the week with 7 days, great advances in natural medicine.
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Set of laws and regulations of the Babylonian empire that regulated the daily life of the people. set rules and punishments. They are inscribed in stone by order of the king of Babylon, Hammurabi, who conquered and reigned in Mesopotamia. -
Time of the great splendor and that the state is strengthened, trade rutes opened, and establish international relations. The capital was Tebas. Woman begin to matter and for the first time a woman is named pharaon.
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Situated in the upper mesopotamia. The society was divided in freeman and slaves. The head was thw king. Tha economy was based on a explotation of fertil lands. The majoraty of the construcyions were palaces. It was a village feared to its fierceness. They measured time in hours, minutes and seconds. They created the zodiac and studied planets closets to the sun.
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It was distingued at continental Greece, insular and asian Greece. They were composed by poleis ( a independent-city-state) that wich one had their own goverment, laws, army... They had some important scientiphics, phisics, philosophers, mathemathics, literature mens...Its language was greek. Contributions: democracy, olympics, philosophy and greek mytology.
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There are few sources to refer to this time. There was a decline in the population and the settlements were modificatedThere is an abandonment of the Mycenaean linear script and mycenaean building structure.
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Civilization developed around Rome that spread throughout Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor.The culture also spread through these territories adapting Latin as a language, Roman law and currency. The society was patriarchal. ssociedad was divided into: patricians, plebeians and slaves. The economy was based on agriculture and trade. Architecture and public works stand out
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The state of Rome was ruled by 7 kings. The political organization had three sectors: the king (judge, military chief and supreme priest), who was elected by the assembly and the senate. They used great military force so that in this period, the empire expanded.
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It was producings innovations: started coins, the cities-state were developing, the armies were forming and the writing was recovered.
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The goverment varied from Persian to native pharaons. In 343 b.c the Persian Empire conquested Egipt for the last time.
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In previys centuries, they were ruled by the Assyrians. Babylon was revelated after the dead of the last assyrian strong ruler. They alliedwith the persians and sacked the city of Ninive. There was a general improvement in the economy and the agricola production. with great flourishhing in arts and sciences. The empire finished with the Persian conquest.
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The form of state is the republic. There was an expansion of Rome throughout the Italian peninsula. The Roman nobility, the patricians, were wealthy men and controlled political power through the assemblies, the senate and magistracies.
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Reaches its maximum splendor in arts, philosophy, architecture and economy. This perior iniciated with the end of the warbetween polies and persian Empire. The victory of the Geeks was made an delian legue to be not conquitated by Persans.
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It was the first medical war between the Persian army and the Greek army. It was developed on the beach and plain of Maraton. The victory belonged to the Greeks.
In 1896 the modern Olympic Games were organized and a marathon was run to immortalize the 7-hour race carried out by the victors of the battle to prevent the Persians from landing in Falero and attacking Athens. -
Occurred in the second medical war and faced the Persian army and an alliance of the Greek polis led by Sparta and Athens. A group of Hellenes under the command of the Spartan king Leonides, stopped the Persian army for three days favoring the salvation of Greece. -
The Persian king, Xerxes wanted to avenge the defeat of his father, Darius in the Battle of Marathon, which occurred a decade earlier, and thus expand his territory. It was a naval combat, near the island of Salamina, where the Greek naval force faced the Persian fleet that was defeated. -
Temple to Athena built to commemorate the victory over the Persians at Marathon. Located on top of the acropolis in Athens.
Eight Doric-style communes on the front, and 17 on the lateral flanks. An impressive work for that time, of great beauty and perfect proportions. -
This period was the horror, is a period of transition between the decline of the classical Creece and the rise of Roman power. It started with the death of Alexander the Great and finished with Cleopatra´s suicide. There was a mixture between classical Greek culture and neighboring cultures resulting in the basis of the western culture.
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Rome and Carthage had been at war for 14 years. The Roman consul, Publius Cornelius Scipio, tried to attack Carthage directly, in order to persuade Hannibal to desist the siege of Rome and force him to return to Carthage for his defense.
The final battle was fought in Zama (near Tunis). Carthage, after its defeat, was forced to give up being a Mediterranean power. -
Military and politician whose dictatorship put an end to the Republic in Rome.He reached the highest magistracies of the Roman State and dominated the politics of the Republic after winning the civil war that confronted him with the most conservative sector of the Senate. Julius Caesar was assassinated at a Senate meeting in Pompey's Forum. An important group of senators participated in the attack.He received 23 stab wounds.The conspiracy was ultimately led by Marcus Junius Brutus,Caesar's son. -
La batalla de Accio tuvo lugar en el año 31 a. C., entre la flotas de Julio César Octavio y la de Marco Antonio y Cleopatra VII. El enfrentamiento se produjo en el golfo de Ambracia y la colina de Accio (Grecia Occidental). Octavio venció el combate y Marco Antonio junto a Cleopatra se retiraron para poco después suicidarse. -
Rome dominated the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, West Asia and Southeast Europe The government is autocratic, in which the emperor has administrative, political, military and religious political power. The army was powerful. The system of laws created in the republic was consolidated in Roman law. The language is Latin. There was development of highways, transport, commerce, mail, hygiene...