Ancient Rome by Jayda, Lauren, Avery

The Etruscans Influence Rome

650 BCE

The early development of Rome was mostly influenced by the Etruscans, found in North Rome. They expanded into Italy and gained control of most of Rome and Latium. The Etruscans found Rome a village and turned it into a city. Rome adopted the toga, the short cloak, and the organization of the roman army. Early Rome was ruled by 7 kings, the last 2 were Etruscan Kings, the last was overthrown, causing Rome to become a republic.

The First Punic War

264 BCE

The first punic war is the first war with Carthage ( a powerful city-state in northern Africa). the war started when Rome sent an army to sicily, the Carthaginians considered sicily part of their empire. Both sides became determined to conquer sicily. After a long struggle, a Roman fleet defeated the Carthaginian navy. Carthage gave up all rights to sicily, and paid a fine to the Romans, sicily became the first Roman province 264 - 261 B.C.

The Second Punic War

218 BCE

Hannibal wanted to bring war to the Romans, he moved across the Alps with 46,000 men with a large number of horses, and 37 battle elephants. The Romans decided to meet Hannibal head on, the Romans lost an army of almost 40,000 men. Rome refused to surrender and raised another army, and recovered. Hannibal was free to move about Italy, but didn’t have the men or supplies to attack the major cities. Rome then decided to invade Carthage rather then fight Hannibal in Italy. Rome won this time.201BC

The Third and Final Punic War

149 BCE

For years ( since the 2nd punic war) a number of prominent Romans had called for the complete destruction of Carthage. Rome then went and captured and destroyed the city of Carthage, and sold its surviving inhabitants into slavery. For 10 days Roman soldiers burned and demolished all of the city buildings. Carthage, a section in North America, was made into a Roman Province. Rome also gained control of the western mediterranean and most of Spain. 149-146 B.C.

Spartacus and his Famous Slave Revolt

73 BCE

Slaves were very common in Rome, nearly every household had at least one slave. Slaves began revolting against their owners. The murder of a master by a slave could result in an execution of all of the slaves in the household. The most famous slave revolt was lead by the gladiator Spartacus, this revolt broke out into 76,000 slaves, they managed to defeat several Roman armies. Spartacus was eventually trapped and killed, along with 6,000 of his followers. 73-71 B.C. https://youtu.be/UB3WZcJxN_4

The Results of the 1st Triumvirate

60 BCE

In the first triumvirate Caesar, Crassus, ad Pompey joined together and distributed their power evenly. Pompey has command in Spain, Crassus held command in Syria, and Caesar in Gual (modern France). After Crassus was killed in battle in 53 B.C., and Pompey's wife, Julia (Caesar's daughter), the triumvirate was broken. Pompey rose and became the sole ruler. Caesar was angry and invaded Rome by crossing the Rubicon, and this called a Civil War. In the end Caesar rose as the sole dictator.

The Results of the 2nd Triumvirate

43 BCE

After Caesar was murdered, a second triumvirate was made. This one consisted of Octavian (Caesars heir), Antony (Caesar's assistant), and Lepidus. Octavian was in command of the Western providences, Anthony the East, and Lepidus Africa. In 36 B.C. war began to break out and the triumvirate ended. In 31 B.C. Octavian destroyed Anthony and Queen Cleopatra of Egypt's forces (which later lead both of them to suicide), and by 29 B.C. Octavian was the sole ruler of Rome. Later he renamed as Augustus.

The Rule of Emperor Augustus 31 B.C.- 14 A.D.

31 BCE

Augustus, restored morale in Rome and began the pax Romana, which is two full centuries of peace and prosperity in Rome. Augustus ruled for 56 years. During those years Augustus had instituted various reforms, won numerous military victories, and allowed Roman literature, art, architecture, and religion to flourish. Augustus protected the borders of Rome by conquering many new lands. When Augustus died, he was elevated to the status of a god. This began a new tradition for popular emperors.

Christianity Grows in strength

30

Jesus traveled around spreading the word of God.Which he promised to Israel throughout history. Things he taught was to love your neighbors as yourselves, God with all your heart, and one another. He voiced humility, charity, and love. Romans thought he'd lead revolts so Pontius Pilate crucified him. However this didn't stop people. Christianity started in Jerusalem,Judea, & Galilee. Apostle Paul helped spread the sword throughout Asia Minor and Aegean Sea. In 40-100AD New Testament was written

The Beginning of Christianity

40

In Rome, Christianity was banned, and Christians were persecuted. An entertainment in Ancient Rome was feeding Christians to the lions (an example is when Daniel was thrown in the lion's den). Christianity was spread by Paul who was the founder of many churches in the Asian Minor and Greece. In A.D. 64, part of Rome was burned down, and Emperor Nero blamed the Christians. This caused people to turn against them, and Christians to meet in secrete, until the ruling of Emperor Constantine.

Colosseum for the people of Rome

80

A gift from Emperor Vespasian to the Roman empire was an amphitheater measuring 620 by 513 feet. Made of stone/concrete, with 3 stories of arched entrances (80 in all). Supported by different semicircular columns. This amphitheater could hold 50,000 people and would consist of all social classes. The emperor would hold games like gladiator fights from dusk until dawn. After 4 centuries the Colosseum fell into neglect and was used as a source of building materials. 2/3 of it was destroyed.

Hadrian's Wall

122

Emperor Hadrian gave orders to build a wall, mainly to keep out the Picts. Hadrian’s wall is 177 km long, 6 m high, 3 m wide, and is built with stone. Turrets were built every 500 m, and major forts were built every 8 km. All the buildings were built by the Roman soldiers who had training in engineering to do so. The Picts nearly destroyed the wall 3 times, but each time the wall was rebuilt. For nearly 250 years the wall was patrolled and guarded, and Hadrian's wall is still standing today.

Emperor Constantine and Rise to Christian Life

313

By 324 He was sole ruler of the empire. His association with christians began during control of western Rome against Maxentius. He saw a flaming cross in the sky stating he would conquer, ("In this sign you shalt conquer") When he did he signed Edict of Milan, giving everyone tolerance and freedom to worship their God freely. Built his empire in Byzantine (Center of roman empire), expanded polices of Diocletian, Fell ill around 337 AD and was baptized on death bed.

The Roman Empire's Struggles

476

Western/Eastern part of Rome was divided after 337 AD. The empire went under severe pressure from invading Germanic Tribes. Major breakthrough for invaders occurred during the 4th century, then the Huns moved in and added pressure on the Germanic Visigoths, Who became allies with Rome. However in 378 AD they revolted and Rome was defeated. Next was the Vandals, than Romulus Augustius in 455, head of Germanic Army attacked Rome. They replaced roman empire, however eastern empire still thrived.