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The first city-states gradually develop in southern Mesopotamia. This is the achievement of the Sumerian people. This was between 5000-3500 BC
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The earliest Mesopotamia was discovered was 3500 BC
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King Hammurabi of Babylon conquers a large empire. Hammurabi is famous for the law code which he issues. His empire begins to decline immediately after his death.
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Babylonia is conquered by the Kassites, who rule the area for 400+ years.
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The Mitanni, an Indo-European people, conquer northern Mesopotamia, plus areas of Syria and Asia Minor. After 200 years the kingdom of Assyria conquers northern Mesopotamia from the Mitanni
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Nomadic peoples such as the Aramaeans and the Chaldeans overrun much of Mesopotamia. The kingdoms of Babylon and Assyria go into temporary decline.