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Karnak Temple dates from around 2055 BC to around 100 AD. Cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building ever constructed.
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Thebes became the capital of Egypt and became an important centre of worship of the god Amun or known as Amon or Amen, a combination of the earlier gods Atum and Ra.
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The 18th Dynasty begins with Ahmose I,
who quickly ascends to power. He built some of the last pyramids in Eygpt and laid the foundation for the New Kingdom Period. -
Before the reign of the Eighteenth dynasty, lower Egypt and parts of middle Egypt were occupied by the Hyksos. Ahmose I fought the Hyksos and chased them out of the country. This ruler is considered to be the founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty and the first king of the New Kingdom.
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New Kingdom pharaohs began constructing tombs in the Valley of the Kings, they built their mortuary temples separately. These New Kingdom temples were called "mansions of millions of years" by the Egyptians.
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Ahmose I of Thebes subdues and banishes the Hyksos at Avaris, restoring power to the lands of Canaan and Nubia
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Ahmose resumes large-scale construction projects similar to those before the Second Intermediate Period. He expanded the Amun temple in Karnak and the Montu temple at Armant.
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The reign of Amenhotep I, son of Ahmose I, lasted for about twenty years, during which the medical Ebers papyrus was compiled and the water clock invented. This king honoured his mother Ahmes-Nefertari at Deir El-Medinah in Luxor. He also built a shrine at Karnak.
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Amenhotep I separates his mortuary temple and royal tomb, in order to avoid the busy business of tomb robbers from finding his burial site. He was the first pharaoh to do this.
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Tuthmosis I was the son of Amenhotep I and father of Queen Hatshepsut. Although his reign was short he led several working efficient military campaigns against Kush, Palenstine and Syria. He extensively restored and remodelled the great temple of Karnak where he also erected several obelisks. His tomb was dug in the valley of the kings and his sarcophagus is preserved in the Egyptian museum.
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The Egyptian Empire expands as far as the Euphrates.
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Thutmose I dies and becomes the first pharaoh to be buried in the Valley of the kings inside tomb cut out by rock.
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Tuthmosis III regained the throne of his father after the death of his aunt Hatshepsut. He was a warrior king who protected Egypt by a new military strategy. He erected a festival temple at Karnak where he built a chapel for the god Amon, the so called "Botanical Garden"; on its walls there are scenes of exotic plants, birds and animals which he brought from Palestine and Syria during his military campaigns.
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Thutmose III is victorious against the Mitannis, conquering Syria. Ancient Egypt rises to the peak of its power and influence.
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The Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC) was fought between Egyptian forces under the command of Pharaoh Thutmose III and a large rebellious coalition of Canaanite vassal states led by the king of Kadesh
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A sundial is a device that tells the time of day when there is sunlight by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky. In the narrowest sense of the word, it consists of a flat plate and a gnomon, which casts a shadow onto the dial. It changed the way ancient egyptians lived.
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Son of Queen Meryt-Re and king Tuthmosis III, Amenhotep II was fond of sports e.g. archery and rowing.
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As Amenhotep III rises to power he builds the Amun temple at Luxor and the palace at Malkata located nearby Thebes
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The temple was built by Amenhotep III (1390-52 BC) but completed by Tutankhamun (1336-27 BC) and Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by Rameses II (1279-13 BC).
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Father of Akhenaton, Amenhotep III was married to Tiye a commoner who had great influence on her husband. During his long and peaceful reign, Egyptian art reached its highest glory and some of Egypt's most spectacular monuments were built.
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Akhenaton or Amenhotep IV was the son and heir of Amenhotep III. He was married to the famous Nefertiti and had six daughters. During the fourth year of his reign, he moved the capital of Egypt to Akhenaton. Akhenaton abolished the monotheistic Egypt religion to polytheistic and people were ordered to follow the one god Ra. Akhenaton is also famous for his distinct and different taste in art.
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Tutankhamun, the young pharaoh who died at the age of 19 ascended to the throne when he was 8 likely due to birth defects caused by incest. His tomb at the valley of the kings was, discovered by Howard Carter in 1922. It is the only royal burial found nearly intact.
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Horemheb held several military posts during the reigns of kings Akhenaton and Tutankhamun. He ascended to the throne at the end of Eighteenth Dynasty.
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After the death of Ramesses I, his son Seti I became king and ruled Egypt for about 16 years. He took part in the construction of the great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak.
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Egyptians construct a canal to connect the Red Sea with the Nile River.
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Ramses II ruled Egypt for about 67 years during which he conducted campaigns against the Libyans and the Nubians. He also led the great battle of Kadesh against the Hittitites with whom he signed the first known peace treaty in history. This king was an active builder who had left behind several impressive monuments.
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The Battle of Kadesh between Pharaoh Ramesses II and Hittite king, Muwatalli II.
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The Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty, also known as the Eternal Treaty or the Silver Treaty, is the only ancient Near Eastern treaty for which both sides' versions have survived
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Merenptah, the thirteenth son of Ramses II, ruled Egypt for about ten years. He erected a temple at Thebes and other structures at Heliopolis, Hermopolis and Memphis.
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the 20th Dynasty begins with Setnakhte, who was not a direct relative of his predecessors. He may have been a usurper.
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Ramses III was the last great king of the New kingdom. He defeated enemy coalitions from the North and West, especially the seas peoples. During his reign, Ramses III built new structures at Luxor and Karnak.
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Ramesses III fortifies Xois to try to hold off the threat of the invading Sea Peoples.
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Ramesses III thoroughly defeats the Sea Peoples on the shores at Xois.
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Ramses VII ruled for a short time when the country fell in disorder. During his reign, the High Priests of Amon-Re gained more authority and seized the power, establishing a dynasty of priests in Thebes.
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During the New Kingdom of Egypt, Nubia (Kush) was an Egyptian colony, from the 16th century BC governed by an Egyptian Viceroy of Kush. With the disintegration of the New Kingdom around 1070 BC, Kush became an independent kingdom centered at Napata in modern northern Sudan.
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Tuthmosis IV was the son of Amenhotep II and Queen Tiaa. He succeeded his father after the death of an elder brother. Few monuments of the kings reign survived at Thebes, Heliopolis Giza or Nubia.
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After the death of Tuthmosis II, his wife Queen Hatshepsut proclaimed herself co-regent with his son Tuthmosis III. Two years later, she claimed the throne as a sole pharaoh. During her reign, Egypt enjoyed a period of peace internally and abroad.
