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Earliest known hieroglyphic writing
Egypt united by Menes (King Narmer) -
The step Pyramid at Saqqara is built by Pharaoh Djoser of the 3rd dynasty
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The Great Pyramid at Giza and the Sphinx are built by pharaohs of the 4th dynasty
Pharaoh Pepi II of the 6th dynasty rules for 94 years -
A time of disorder and breakdown of authority in Egypt
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Egypt reunited under Pharaoh Mentuhotep II of Thebes
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Breakdown of government in Egypt
The Hyksos invade and occupy Lower Egypt -
Pharaoh Ahmose I founds the 18th dynasty
The Hyksos are expelled. Egypt begins a new period of strong central government
Tombs are built in the Valley of the Kings
Pharaoh Thutmose II (c. 1482-1450 BC) expands Egyption territory
Pharaoh Akhenaten (c. 1379-1365 BC) introduces a new religion
Pharaoh Tutankhamun of the 18th dynasty reigns briefly
Pharaoh Ramses II of the 19th dynasty rule for 67 years -
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Alexander the Great occupies Egypt
The Rosetta Stone is carved (c. 196 BC)
Cleopatra VII reigns (c. 51-30 BC)
Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC) -
Egypt becomes a part of the Roman Empire