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Steam engines were used as the prime mover in pumps, locomotives, steam ships, traction engines, steam lorries and other road vehicles, and were essential to the Industrial Revolution.
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Abraham Darby started using not charcoal but coke, a residue of distilled coal, to heat the Coalbrookdale blast furnace to the temperatures required to smelt iron. This was a major breakthrough that would later prove decisive.
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The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
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The machine used eight spindles onto which the thread was spun, so by turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once.
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In 1764 Watt observed a flaw in the Newcomen steam engine: it wasted a lot of steam.
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American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor. -
Delegates from twelve of Britain's thirteen American colonies met to discuss America's future under growing British aggression. -
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. -
They established a Continental army and elected George Washington as Commander-in-Chief -
the Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence, announcing the colonies' separation from Great Britain
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Washington crossed the Delaware River so that his army could attack an isolated garrison of Hessian troops located at Trenton, New Jersey. -
The Battle of Saratoga started with the advancing assault by British. The first assault was that the Battle of Freeman's Farm.
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Was a defensive alliance between the Kingdom of France and the United States formed amid the American Revolutionary War with Great Britain. -
It revolutionised textile production by vastly increasing the amount of cotton that could be spun at any one time.
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The Battle of Yorktown proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution. -
The machine was used to arrange and lay parallel by length the fibers of wool, prior to further treatment.
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The puddling process converted pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and stirring it in a furnace, without using charcoal.
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The political and financial situation in France had grown rather bleak, forcing Louis XVI to summon the Estates General -
There, the men of the National Assembly swore an oath never to stop meeting until a constitution had been established. -
A state prison on the east side of Paris, known as the Bastille, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. -
The unsuccessful escape from Paris undermined the credibility of the king as a constitutional monarch and eventually led to the escalation of the crisis and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. -
a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.
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He was brought to trail for treason and executed by guillotine, his wife, Mary Antoinette, was executed in the same way nine months later. -
the conspirators industriously promulgated the rumour that there was a Jacobin plot to bring down the government. -
the coronation of Napoleon I was played out, in the presence of Pope Pius VII. -
The decisive attacks on the Allied center by St. Hilaire and Vandamme split the Allied army in two and left the French in a golden tactical position to win the battle. -
The war started when the French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal by transiting through Spain, and it escalated after Napoleonic France occupied Spain, which had been its ally. -
The Battle of Bailén was fought in 1808 between the Spanish Army of Andalusia, led by General Francisco Javier Castaños. -
After four days of fighting and seeing the battle lost, Napoleon ordered a withdrawal, but his entire rear guard fell into the hands of his enemies. -
Elba meant exile for Napoleon, but it was no prison. Napoleon specifically chose it because it had good weather and defenses, -
the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte, was defeated by the British and Prussian armies in the Waterloo War -
Napoleon died at the age of 51 because of fatal stomach cancer.
