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Exploring the east African cost,Vasco de Gama discover the port of Caluit. He was excited by the spices,silk, and precious jewels that filled calicuts shops. They filleed thier ships and returned to portugal in 1499
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The area that the east company growded gradually over time. It ruled India with little inference from the British government. It grew to the point where it had its own army. Its soldiers were called sepoys. Soon they British government feared they would overrun by the company.
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By the end of Aurangzeb's reign, he had used out nearly all the empires resourses. He lost loyalty through war and terrible famine. The power of local lords grew and aurangzeb soon died. With the lords fighting to be at the top stop the empire lost unity and fall apart.
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Begining in the early 1700's, Weathly landowners began to buy out farms and fertile land. With new inventions, run by natural resources, many resources, politcal stability, and military sucess allow Britian to flourish.
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The birtish take over india and start colonialism. This both harmed and helped India. British remains in control throughout this period.
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Indian soldier,sepoys, start to refuse to follow orders and rebel after hearing that their Enfield rifles were greased with beef and pork fat. Both Hindus and Musliums are outraged due to the fact that Hindus consider the cow scared and Muslims do not eat pork. Rebellion begins and soon capture coty of Delhi.
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Because of rebellions, British takes dirct command of India. Distrust between the British and Indian grew throughout india; causing more conflict.
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Growing nationalism in India led to the founding of the Nationalist group "Indian National Congress (INC). The group began with specific concerns for Indians but soon demanded self-government.
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The Muslim League was founded in 1906 in India to protect Muslim interests. Led by MMuhammad Ali Jinnah, the League stated that it would not accept Indain independence if it meant rule by the Hindu congress party.
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THe Rowlatt Act were laws that allowed the government to jail protester without trails for up to 2 years. Western-Indians felt the denial of a trial violated thier individual rights.
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At this time, 10,000 Hindua and Muslims went to Amritsar to protest the Rowlatt Acts. People at the gathering were unaware the British government outlawed this. The British commander at Amritsar believed they were openly disobeying and commanded his troops to fire on the crowd, resulting is 400 dead and about 1,200 wounded. This sparked the change of millions of Indians from being loyal British subject to nationalists.These Indians demanded independence.
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Mohandas K. Gandhi soon arose as a leader in the indenpendance movement. His teaching were blends of man major religions, including Islam,Hinduism, and Christianity. His teaching attrated many followers. Through he nonviolent protests of civil disobedience; the british grant limited self-rule.
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Gandhi led his nonviolent resistence through boycotts,strikes,and demonstrations. One of his major demonstration and events was the "Salt March" .
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In 1930, Gandhi organized a demonstration to defy the salt act; british laws that made Indians buy salt from the government only.
This was a peaceful protest but as they walked to a place where the british processed salt with intentions to shut the saltworks down. Police officers then brutally beat Gandhi and his followers with stell-tipped bats. The demonation did not stop and eventually about 60,000 people,including Gandhi, were arrested. -
In 1935, the government of Indian Act passed by the British Parliament provided local self-government and limited democratic elections, but not total independence. Nonetheless, this was a major achievement.
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After WWII Britian had great debt and it was time for them to hand over power. The problem was wether the Hindus or the Muslims should take control. Because the government was mainly made up of Hindus, Muslim began to resist attemps to include them in an Indain government. Bloodshed soon broke out.
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Partition was a term given to the division of India in to seperate Hindua and Muslim nations. This settled conflict by dividing the two groups and insuring a safe and secure region.
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This granted India and Pakistan indenpence in a months time. This made princes, adminitrations of courts, the military,railways, police, and millions of Indians decide where to go.
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Gandhi was shot and killled on January 30, 1948 by a Hindu extremist who thought he was too protective of Muslims.
