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geocentric theory, believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe. heliotheory, the idea that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun
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Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices). He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504.
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it was a major change in euopean thought, starting in the mid 1500s in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation.
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1- reason
2- nature
3- happiness
4- progress
5- liberty -
it spread from salons, pamphlets and the encyclopedia. people would discuss ideas at social meetings
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The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs in 1521, led by Hernando Cortes, was a landmark victory for the European settlers. Following the Spanish arrival in Mexico, a huge battle erupted between the army of Cortes and the Aztec people under the rule of Montezuma. The events that occurred were crucial to the development of the American lands and have been the subject of much historical debate in present years.
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It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets rotating around it in circular paths modified by epicycles and at uniform speeds.
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a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world.
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1- clergy
2- nobles
3- everybody else -
In 1607, 13 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts, a group of 104 English men and boys began a settlement on the banks of Virginia's James River. They were sponsored by the Virginia Company of London, whose stockholders hoped to make a profit from the resources of the New World.
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Louis XIV is remembered as the greatest King of France. In his adolescence his character was formed by civil strife and an endless war with Spain. He became so powerful that everybody had to submit to his authority. He crushed internal opposition, had an endless string of mistresses and tried dominate the rest of Europe.
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Peter the Great is credited with dragging Russia out of the medieval times to such an extent that by his death in 1725, Russia was considered a leading eastern European state. He centralised government, modernised the army, created a navy and increased the subjugation and subjection of the peasants. His domestic policy allowed him to execute an aggressive foreign policy
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The greatest landmark in the history of England is the Glorious Revolution of 1688. This revolution is called ’Glorious’ because it achieved its objective without any bloodshed.
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King Louis XVI needed money. His financial crisis forced the French monarch to reluctantly convene the Estates General in order to levy a new land tax that would hopefully solve his monetary woes. It had been 175 years since the last meeting of this deliberative body that included representatives of three Estates: the First comprised of the clergy, the Second comprised of the nobility and the Third comprised of the middle and lower classes.
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Despite their reputation for being weak-willed cowards prone to surrender, the French have enjoyed a major part in shaping the history of the world for the last 1,000 years. The most remarkable example of French military and political dominance other than their colonization of the world is the consistent triumph of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of the First French Empire. In less than a decade, Napoleon's French armies conquered most of Western Europe, and had become so frightening that nearly ever
