2019 James Lam ICS FoF

Mesopotamia - Cuneiform was invented

3500 BCE

Cuneiform was invented by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia. The name Cuneiform comes from the Latin word cuneus for 'wedge' owing to the wedge-shaped style of writing. All the Mesopotamian civilizations used cuneiform it was replaced by the Arabic writing Link: https://www.ancient.eu/cuneiform/

Egypt - Nebhepetre Mentuhotep was the pharaoh that ruled the Egyptian Empire

2061 BCE

Nebhepetre Mentuhotep (reigned c. 2061 BC – 2010 BC) was a Pharaoh of the 11th Dynasty who reigned for 51 years. He is considered the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom.

Haran - God makes a covenant with Abram

2025 BCE

In 2025 BC, God made a covenant with Abram, and Abram took his family and all his possessions to the land of Canaan https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+12&version=CEB http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/e1.htm

Canaan - God renews covenant

2020 BCE

God renewed the covenant, and promised Abram that he will have a son with his wife Sarah https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+15&version=CEB

Canaan - Ishmael was born

2014 BCE

When Abraham was 86 years old, he had a son with her servant and their son was named Ishmael. He was recognised as Abraham's first son https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+16&version=NLT

Middle East/Egypt - The events of the Old Testament took place

Period: 2000 BCE to 432 BCE

The Old Testament starts from the birth of Abraham, in around 2000 BC, and it ended with the death of the Jeremiah, at around 432 BC. The Old Testament is the time before Jesus was born

Mount Moriah - Abraham almost sacrificing Isaac

1975 BCE

In Genesis 22:15-18, God said that because Abraham is willing to sacrifice his own son, God will bless him with making his descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. That's true because all of the Arabs and the Israelis nowadays are descendants of Abraham. God has made his promise and a lot of people in the world worship God. God's glory has most definitely filled the Earth

Middle East - God's covenant with Abraham

1948 BCE

In Genesis 17, God mentioned that he will give Abraham many descendants. He will be the ancestor of many nations and all the kings will come from him. This is fulfilled today because all the Jewish and Arabs are descendants of Abraham, with at least 50% of the world's population and Israel or countries of the Middle East are also from Abraham's line. From this we can see that God has fulfilled his promises

Sodom and Gomorrah - Sodom and Gomorrah destroyed

1896 BCE

Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by God. Whoever looks back at this city will become a pillar of salt https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+19&version=NIV

Canaan - Jacob was born

1837 BCE

In the year 2000 B.C. Jacob was born with his older brother Esau on the same day

Israel, Southwest of Jordan - Jacob deceives

1821 BCE

Jacob traded the stew for birth rights

Israel, Southwest of Jordan - Jacob Typology Part I

1821 BCE

-Jacob put on the clothes of Esau to come to his father and find acceptance from him (Gen 27: 5-25).
-Christ put on our clothes and became similar to us in everything,offering His life as a sacrifice.He bore our sins in His own body so that we might live for righteousness(1 Pet 2: 21-24) Jacob putting on Esau's clothes to come to Isaac for his blessing, In the new testament Christ wear our clothes everyday to bear our sins and sacrifice for us. This shows Jesus did the same as Jacob

Bethel - Jacob meets God

1761 BCE

Jacob meets God for the first time and God blessed him with a great nation

Paddan Aram - Jacob meets Laban and his daughters Leah and Rachel.

1753 BCE

Jacob wants to marry Laban's daughter Rachel.

The land of Seir, in the country of Edom - Jacob wrestles with God and man

1744 BCE

Jacob prepares to meet Esau. When his messenger told him that Esau was coming with 400 men, Jacob split his men into 2 groups in case Esau’s men attack. He prepares gifts for Esau, instructing his servants to go tell Esau that Jacob is coming.

Canaan, Bethel - Jacob returns to Bethel

1736 BCE

God told Jacob to go back to Bethel and build an altar.

Canaan - Joseph was sold into slavery

1729 BCE

Joseph was Jacob's favourite son, so Jacob gave Joseph a rainbow coat which led to the jealousy of his brothers. Therefore the other 11 brothers sold him into slavery :(

Egypt - Joseph worked for Potiphar

1728 BCE

Joseph was sold into slavery and was bought by Potiphar as a household slave

Egypt - Joseph is back in prison

1718 BCE

Potiphar was furious when he heard his wife’s story about how Joseph had treated her. So he took Joseph and threw him into the prison where the king’s prisoners were held, and there he remained.

Egypt - Joseph became the second in command in Egypt

1701 BCE

Joseph became the second in command in Egypt just under the pharaoh

Egypt and Canaan - Jacob's depression, fear, and hope

1700 BCE

His favourite wife's son Joseph was sold to Egypt

Egypt, The land of Goshen - Jacob blesses his sons

1689 BCE

Jacob is going to die, so he blesses his son

Land of Cannan and Arabia - Hebrew Alphabet was invented

1000 BCE

Hebrew Alphabet was known as Semitic scripts, and was invented during the 10th century. Hebrew Alphabet is pictographic, written from Right to Left and there are no punctuation or capitalization There are two distinct alphabets. Early Hebrew was the alphabet used by the Jewish nation in the period before the Babylonian Exile. The square Hebrew derived from the Aramaic alphabet but was nonetheless strongly influenced the Early Hebrew script.

China - Oral Tradition in China

500 BCE

The literacy skill (written in silk and bamboo of that time is quite luxury and normal people cannot afford it. Only the high position nobles could have the advantage of learning and using letters. Therefore people use oral tradition in their work and time.

Marathon, Greece - Battle of Marathon

490 BCE

In 490 BC, the Persian army landed at Marathon near Athens. The Greek people defeated the first attack of the Persians.
-To tell the news of success, a runner ran for 42 km from Marathon to Athens, therefore, in the memory of him, the long run for 42 km is called Marathon.

Roman Empire - The events of the New Testament take place

Period: 4 BCE to 96

The New Testament starts from the Birth of Jesus and ends with the last chapter of the Bible: Revelation. The main idea of the New Testament is the life of Jesus on Earth and Jesus' word

Jacob Typology Part 2

30

New Testament: God sacrificed his son Jesus and put him on the cross so that he could bear our sin and save us. Old Testament: God said, “Take your son, your only son, whom you love—Isaac—and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering on a mountain I will show you.” (Genesis 22:2) Connection: Abraham once said," God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son. (Genesis 22:8) and this is a foreshadowing of Jesus's sacrifice for us in the NT

Jerusalem - The crucifixion of Jesus

33

On 3rd April, Jesus was crucified and died on the cross at 3pm in the afternoon. After the death of Jesus,it was followed by a red partial lunar eclipse at moonrise at 6.20pm observed by the Jewish population.

Syria/Asia Minor/Cyprus - Paul's first missionary journey

44

In the late spring of 44AD, Paul started his first missionary journey, starting from Antioch, passing cities like Seleucia, Salamis

London - the city of London is established by the Romans

47

Londinium was founded by the Romans in AD 47 (or 47 CE) on the banks of the Thames and they chose River Thames because it was a quick way to transport goods between Britain and the Continent. https://londontopia.net/site-news/featured/londinium-10-interesting-facts-figures-roman-london/

Greece/Syria/Asia Minor - Paul's second missionary journey

49

In the late summer of 49 AD, Paul started his second journey from Antioch, Syria, passing by Asia Minor and Greece on his way back to Syria. By the time he was back, it was already late autumn of 49 AD

Syria/Asia Minor/Greece - Paul's third missionary journey

52

In the autumn of AD 52, Paul starts his third journey from Antioch, Syria, passing by Asia minor and Greece and ended at Jerusalem in the summer of AD 53 http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/apostle-paul-third-missionary-journey-map.html

Mesopotamia/West Asia - Genesis was written

1445

The book Genesis means beginning. Th ebook was written by Moses at around 1445 BC and the genre and literary style was two historical narratives and a few passages of poetry and some genealogy. The themes are creation, death, blood, covenant and providence. The first 11 chapters are about creation, blood etc. and from 12 to 50th chapter are about Abraham Isaac Jacob Joseph .

Hong Kong - James' Birthday

Jun 20, 2004

On 20th June, 2004, James was born in Hong Kong. That day was also Father's Day

Hong Kong - James' Personal Reflection

2010

In Genesis 37:11 "His brothers were jealous of him, but his father kept the matter in mind." We can see that when Joseph got the rainbow coat from his father, his brothers are jealous of him and therefore he was sold to slavery. Not even the closest of friends are trustworthy. I recalled one time I got a nice watch and I showed it to my friend. The next day it disappeared. I think it was my friend that took it due to jealousy. Through this experience, I learned to have awareness for everyone.

ICS - The year that James started at ICS

2018

2018 was the year when James first came to ICS. He came on the 13th of August and he studied there for 5 months till this point