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The rich soil and the animals there were the perfect conditions for the Egyptians, now they could make a lot of food.
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Egypt-
Ancient Egypt-12000 BC
Old kingdom- 2700BC to 2200 BC
Middle Kingdom- 2200-1750BC
New Kingdom- 1550- 1050BC
Kush-1500BC -300BC -
The early people move into the Fertile Cresent such as the Sumerians, Akkadians,Babylonians, Hittites, Kassites,Assyrians, Chaldeans, Phoenicians.
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The rich soil allowed the Egyptians to start farms so large, it took a city (community of people) to work.
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This enabled people to be scribes and to keep business records long epics could also be created, such as the epic of Gilgamesh.
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Now, peolple can do other jobs and evolve their settlements into cities, using a division of labor.
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The former Pharaoh Tutankhamen of Egypt died, with lots of treasure inside that shows the Egyptian art and achievements.
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The nomadic herders move to India because it was a rather safe place away from attackers this then developed to become the Harrapan civilization.
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Since Sargon had a permanent army, he was able to extend his empire from the Persian to the Mediterranean Sea.
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Khufu built a lot of monuments in the old kingdom, which made him famous.Historians think he was cruel.
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The Xia dynasty tells of Yu the great digging channels for over 10 years to help the waterways of China. when Yu became king, he used teamwork to solve problems.
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Xia -2200-1500BC
Shang-1500-1100BC
Zhou-1100-221BC
Qin-221-207BC
Han-207BC-220BC -
Chaos in Egypt caused the country to weaken, so Mentuhotep the second defeated all his rivals and the united Egypt.
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The minoans lived close to sea because it was an island, and they could travel, get food, trade and build ships because of the sea.
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The Minoans- 2000-1600BC
The Mycenaeans- 1600-1200BC
The Greeks-1200-429 BC
(The Greeks had many different city states running at the same time, unlike China, so in this timespan the Greeks refer to the Athenians.) -
Hammurabi created a set of 282 rules that the people had to follow.Breaking those rules had great consequences, even death.
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Egypt feared that Kush was getting too powerful, so Thutmose 1 sent an army to defeat Kush.
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Harrapan civilization-2300-1700BC
Other split civilizations-1700BC-500AD -
Aryan religion had sacred text called the Vedas, and the oldest one was the Rigveda.The vedas gave the Aryan people the rules of what they should do.
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Romulus is the first king of Rome, out of the seven other kings, which not all of them might be Romans. He made temples, sewers, and the Romans also learnt the alphabet from the Etruscans.
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Romulus and the seven kings- 753-509BC
The Patricians and the Plebeians-494-400
Growth of territory and times of war-387-88BC -
Homer was a poet who, according to legend couldn't see, was the greatest poet of the ancient world. He made the Iliad and the Odyssey, both tales of great adventure, and were central to the educational system of that time.
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Siddhartha Gautama,who was around 35 at that time sat under a tree and found the answer to suffering, Buddhism is based on his teachings.
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Cyrus the great conquered many countries, and let the countries keep their own traditions. When he died, he had the largest empire so far.
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Confucius was a great teacher whose ideas are Known as Confucianism. He used to have position in the government, but the other officials became jealous because he was so good,so they kicked him out. His ideas are in a book called the Analects.
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They made symbols to represent sounds, much more convenient than pictographs
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Cleisthenes thought that the aristocrats already has too much influence on the government, so he made a system where the people get to vote who their leader gets to be.
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In the Peloponnesian war, Sparta defeats Athens by cutting off food supply and surrounding them. Sparta was in control of most of Greece until other states started disliking them.
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The plebeians complain about Rome's government, if the Romans did not change it, it might result in a revolt. So the Romans changed the government: making offices only for Plebeians, and taking note of their rights and interests.
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The Greek writers such as Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Aristophanes create great plays. Such as the tragedies written by Sophocles and Aeschylus, and comedies from Aristophanes. This influenced the Athenians, mostly, to learn and create more plays and incorporate these plays and poems into their education.
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The Gauls threatened to fight Rome, so Rome gave a huge amount of gold to the Gauls to go away after they conquered the city. Because of that, many countries wanted to take over Rome for this same reason, so when other countries attacked Rome (and lost) Rome would take over their land. So Rome grew larger as more people tried to attack them.
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Alexander the Great was in charge after his father Philip died. Alexander the Great conquered many countries and expanded his empire a lot. He spread Greek culture everywhere he conquered. His empire included Egypt, Macedonia, Asia Minor, and the former Persian empire he even conquered some of India.
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Asoka made India stronger and richer, then converted to Buddhism and focused more on his people, like building wells and roads.
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Shi Huangdi unified China and called himself the first Emperor.
He had a strong government , but had harsh laws and punishments -
Lou Bang was the first commoner to become emperor because of the Chinese belief of the Mandate of Heaven. He battled for power and won.
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58-50BC rule by the three kings- Pompey, Crassus and Caesar
50-44BC- rule by Caesar.
44BC- 14AD Rule by Augustus
14-1453AD Rule by other emperors and the shrinking of the Roman empire. -
To make the start of the Roman Empire and the end of the Roman republic, the forum changed Octavian’s name to Augustus. Octavian was Ceasar’s adopted son. The name Augustus means ‘revered one’.
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Jesus, the God of Christianity is born in Bethlehem. When he was older, he healed the sick, raised himself and others from the dead, and did many miracles. He also taught the Gospel message to everyone. Jesus’s birth date is not Actually accurate, it was probably a few years back than 1BC.
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Doctors started to write down their ideas in textbooks, it describes them making medicine out of minerals and plants.
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Because he thought that Rome was too big for one person to rule, he split the eastern side of the empire to himself, and the western side to his co-Emperor. This made it much easier to rule Rome.
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Gold and salt were valuable trade resources to West Africans salt was used as a preservative to keep food fresh. Gold was highly valued and used in trade.
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Because of Buddhist missionaries,China had Buddhism. Buddhist monks and temples appear all over China. Giant carvings of Buddha appear as well.
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The Medes- 700-550Bc
The Persian empire:
Ruled by Cyrus-559-530BC
Ruled by Cambyses-530-522BC
Ruled by Darius-521-486BC
Alexander the Great's empire- 486-323BC
Other Hellenistic countries 323- 20BC -
The Mayans-250-900 AD
The Aztecs-1325-1521 AD
The Incas -1400-1537 AD -
After the rulers of Askum defeated Kush, they all converted to Christianity, then there was nothing left if the Kushite culture.
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The griots were storytellers who told the history of West Africa. They did this by sharing stories to the other griots and this is called an oral history. They also shared proverbs and wise sayings. They shared an oral history because they did not have a written language.
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300 - 1200 Ghana empire
1230-1500 Mali empire
1400-1591 Songhai empire -
Saint Patrick was kidnapped, but when he got older he started to spread Christianity among the Irish, he won the people of Ireland's favour when he drove all the snakes out of Ireland.
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The rulers or japan sent people to China and Korea to learn more about China and Korea. They learnt new ways about working and thinking. They learnt about language, philosophy and made changes in government.
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The geography of Europe allowed farmers and settlers to move to Europe, because the fertile soil there can grow many crops and trees
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500-539 rule under the Yamato rulers
539-1192. Rule in prince Shotoku’s style
1192-1892 rule under one shogun -
500- 712- various settlements
712-814 rule by Charlemagne
1122-1204Rule by Eleanor of Aquitaine -
A man named Yang Jian conquered tha various parts of southern China and created the Sui dynasty. This led to the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty.
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Sui- 589-618
Tang-618-918
Song-960-1279
Yuan-1279-1369
Ming-1368-1644 -
Ottoman Empire-1200-1800
Savafid Empire-600-1700
Ottoman Empire-1526-1600 -
The Qur’an is the book of Muslim beliefs, written by Muhammed. The Quran says that there is a beginning and an end to the universe, and whether we will go to heaven or not
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After many battles, Abu Bakr had United Arabia, and died by that time.He made the Muslims the first class citizens, and Christianity and Judaism second class.
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Muhammad, the founder of Islam, is said to be prophet who met an angel in a cave. he then started a new religion (Islam). He received lots of visions and put them in a book, called the Qur’an.
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Our modern algebra is based on this math discovery- letters, or variables, as we call them now. This greatly increased human knowledge and enabled us to use the number zero in our math.
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These monks had very strict rules, like not talking to each other and only focused on religion, not the world around them. These rules were called religious orders, a group of people who follow the same rules of their religion, and dedicate their lives to it.
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The Song Dynasty accepted Neo Confucianism as their government beliefs. Neo Confucianism means ‘new Confucianism’. Neo Confucianism talks about Behavior and Ethics, but shows emphasis on spiritual matters.
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This Song achievement helped people to carry their money, because in the past they had to pay things with large , bulky, metal
Coins. But now, that could just wrap up some pieces of paper. It made travel easier, especially for the very rich people. -
The Mayans cleared lots of area to farm, and hunted for deer rabbits and monkeys. They used wooden poles to build their houses.
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The raids by the vikings started, so the peasants were in danger of getting raided. They lived in manors where they could be safe and paid the landowner with their work in exchange for protection from raids.
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The feudal system happened in both Europe and Japan, and they had many similarities. They had the soldiers, the knights and samurai, and the rulers, the lords and the emperor. And there were the peasants who worked for the rulers in exchange for protection.
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1000-1095 Small separate states
1096-1291 The Crusades
1215 Magna Carta was signed
1347- 1351 The Black Death -
The popes wanted more power, and got it while gaining authority over the bishops in the east. They thought that the pope was the most important person in religion, and all religious officials should listen to his commands.
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Ghana, one of the most richest empires at that time, got too famous because of how rich it was and got raided and attacked by the Almoravids. After that, the empire fell.
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Zen was another type of Bhuddism that said that neither faith or goog behavior led to wisdom. It said the people should practice self discipline and meditation.
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The emperor, was actually not the real ruler of Japan at that time, the real power was the shogun, who worked in the emporor’s name, so that meant the emperor was only a figurehead, something like a false ruler to represent the country.
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Heresy was religious ides that opposed religious teachings, Pope Innocent thought that this was a threat too great to ignore, so he sent people to hunt down the heretics, or people that have commited heresy. Some were killed, and others were fined or put in jail.
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1434-The Medici family rules Florence with their wealth
1450- Gutenberg invents his printing press
1517-Martin Luther writes his 95 thesis. -
The Mongol empire, the biggest one that ever existed, was ruled by Kublai Khan. The reason that it remained so big with lesser people, was that the mongol army was so terrifying, that nobody wanted to attack them.
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After trying to regain the holy land several times, the crusaders had failed, for a few reasons. One of them was that they were outnumbered, and it was very hot in Palestine, unlike Europe. It would also been hard to attack after traveling huge distances.
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According to legend, if a eagle had a snake in it’s mouth was on a cactus, that would be the Aztec’s homeland. An eagle with a snake in it’s mouth on a cactus was spotted on a swampy island in the middle of a lake, so the Aztecs built their capital there, with the help of wooden supports.
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The Black Death killed millions of people in Europe, but this epidemic was not caused by one disease, but by many. One of the most commonly known disease was called the bubonic plague, which involved swellings in the body. Europe lost one third of it’s population at that time.
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Mansa musa was the most famous ruler of Mali. He was also rich. He was so rich that he created inflation wherever he traveled. He was really into education too. He was a great leader but when he died,his son Meghan who was a total weak sauce could not defend Mali from raiders. The raiders set fire to Timbuktu.
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1564-1642- Galileo Galileo uses the telescope to make discoveries about space.
1492-Columbus discovers America on accident
1500- The Colombian exchange -
The Medici family were the owners of the best bank in Florence, because they became so rich, they could control the government. Cosimo wanted to make Florence a beautiful city, so he hired many artists to fulfill his wish.
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Johann Gutenberg in vented the printing press, that used pieces of metal that could be rearranged to form pages of text. This allowed them to read more often and make more books. Later, he translated the Bible in to English and printed bibles.
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Christopher Columbus had discovered America not knowing that it was America, not another path to Asia. He told the Spanish monarchs that he was going to Asia, and he and his crew landed on an island in the Bahamas.
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The Incas started out as a tribe in the Andes, but then they started to expand territory. His subjects followed his example. By 1500 the Inca empire was huge.
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The trading of many goods, plants, animals and ideas took place after people in Europe discovered America. This introduced many new foods and changed a lot of eating habits. However some major diseases spread as well as the sailors passed illnesses around, and the people of the Americas had given tobbaco to the Europeans. (Smoking kills)
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Martin Luther did not like the practices of the church at that time, so he wrote a list of complaints to try to make the church better. This was called the 95 thesis. Unfortunately this lead to the split of the church and war, and Martin Luther was excommunicated.
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1694- French Philosopher Voltaire is born
1632-1704 - John Locke
1689-1755-Charles Montesquieu
1712-1778-Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1776- The Declaration of Independence -
The telescope had been invented, but nobody had used it to confirm the planets in space, nothing was proven for certain before that. Galileo had seen the planets in space with lots of detail like craters and mountains, and proved that the sun is in the center of the solar system, earth and other planets revolve around it.
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The enlightenment brought in reason and logic into the minds of many philosophers in Europe, Voltaire was a philosopher from France who believed that humans could improve their own existence, and fought against censorship- removal of information considered harmful.
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Popular sovereignty meant that the government should do what the people want the government to do, to help the people, not themselves. One of the people who believed in this was Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a French Philosopher.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote a document that would free the colonists from British rule, this document listed the people’s rights and what they are allowed to do. This document also included natural rights, or what every person should have already.
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After the Buddha spread his religion throughout India and to many parts of Asia, now many people all around the world are Buddhist, and with the internet, people from everywhere can know about the teachings of Buddhism.
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The invention of silk had gone very far in the past, but now with planes and shipping, silk can get transported all over the world quite easily, and now is in most cloth and fabric stores.
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Because of the beliefs of Hippocrates on how doctors should behave, the oath not to kill anyone on purpose after you finish medical school is called the Hippocratic oath, recited by doctors today. Hippocrates was the greatest Greek doctor of that time.
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Hammurabi's Code inspired the people of Malaysia to have laws
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This lets people dicover more about Egypt from the treasure that they found.This helps us to know more about Egyptian life and their beliefs.
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Because of the luxury item of silk, China has become very rich because it is easier to ship silk to different countries, which makes China even richer.
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I have entered into the world, good news for a lot of people, like me.
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To celebrate the birthday of Jesus, on December 25 Christians have a holiday to remember their god. This helps them to remember how Jesus was born in a stable in Bethlehem, and that we should be thankful for what we have.
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In Greece, they had a sports competition to honor their god Zeus.
It started out with running, but then they added more sports like boxing and chariot racing. Now, the Olympics has 28 sports and involves several countries. -
Because of the Romans, veto power is used nowdays to prevent someone from doing something, usually in the Government. The judge can use his veto power to prevent someone from doing something, like stopping someone from talking.
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Because of trade back then, in 1200-1600, we now have Islam in Malaysia. There are a lot of mosques in Malaysia, and Muslims too.
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In Ghana, they made a hand-woven fabric called Kente. This colorful cloth is still used today and worn by the people there.
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Now, people use gunpowder for weapons, (like guns) and this has changed a lot of ways that war happens. Instead of shooting arrows, we now can use gunpowder to fire pieces of metal at the enemy. Now, gunpowder is also used for fireworks, and various popping things, like firecrackers.
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The Chinese style inspired buildings were made by Japan, and now there are many of these buildings today. The curved wood at the ends of the buildings emphasize nature. Many of these buildings had open, airy spaces inside.
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The Mayans played a game where you have to bounce a ball with your hips to get it into a hoop, or get it to the other side. Some people still play it today, with a loincloth and some traditional headwear.
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The Magna Carta has inspired governments all around the world to protect human rights. Some of it’s ideas were put in the US constitution, which we still have around today. In the Magna Carta are 63 commands that nobles made king John sign to follow.
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Leonardo da Vinci painted a picture called the Mona Lisa, at the Renaissance Period, where art and other new discoveries were being made. Leonardo also was great at many other topics besides art, such as engineering, and science. The Mona Lisa is now one of the most famous artworks today.
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Due to the Colombian exchange, many different types of food, such as chicken, beef, and fruits, were traded. these are available around the world, and not in only one country or continent. If the Colombian exchange didn’t happen, companies that were made in America that used other resources, like KFC, would not exist.
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Charles Montesquieu was a French Philosopher who claimed that a government should have separate government branches, because of him, most of our governments today, like in Malaysia, have separate branches. Because of this, no one can control the government completely.
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On the 17th of march, people celebrate St. Patricks day. The three leafed shamrock is a symbol for St. Patrick's day because he used it to convert the Irish into Christianity. People celebrate by trying to speak more Irish and wearing green clothes.