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Period: to
2nd Industrial Revolution
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Russia attacks Turkey
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Treaty of San Stefano
The Treaty of San Stefano, signed March 3, 1878, ended the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) -
Treaty of Berlin
Treaty of Berlin - 13 July 1878. By the Treaty of Berlin the Ottoman Empire was given back lands conqured by Russia during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. Bulgaria was reduced by two-thirds the size proposed in the San Stefano Treaty, with no access to the Mediterranean Sea. -
Dual alliance
The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7th, 1879 as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. The two powers promised each other support in case of attack by Russia. -
Renewal of the Three Emperors' League
alliance between Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary -
Triple Alliance
The Triple Alliance was an agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until it expired in 1915 during World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879. -
French-Russian alliance
The Franco-Russian Alliance, or Russo-French Rapprochement, was an alliance formed by the agreements of 1891–94; it lasted until 1917. -
Spanish-American war
The Spanish–American War was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. -
Entente Cordiale
The Entente Cordiale was a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and the French Republic which saw a significant improvement in Anglo-French relations. -
English-Russian alliance
The solution was to bring Russia into the British-French alliance. The Anglo-Russian Entente and the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 made both countries part of the Triple Entente. The Convention was a formal treaty demarcating British and Russian spheres of influence in Central Asia. -
Annexation of Bosnia
The Bosnian Crisis of 1908–09, also known as the Annexation crisis or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted in early October 1908 when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire. -
First Balkan War
Slavic alliance attacks Turkey and wins -
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 / 29 June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked, entering Bulgaria. -
USA controls the Panama Canal
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Start of the WWI