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The Napoleonic Wars were a series of several wars fought in Europe, all involving Napoleon's France.
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The Congress of Vienna met in hopes of reestablishing borders and monarchies after the defeat of Napoleonic France.
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In the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium, a French army led by Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington.
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The Greek Revolution begins as a movement for independence from the Ottoman Empire.
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The Belgian Revolution separated Belgium from the Netherlands as its own independent kingdom, with French as the new official language.
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The first inter-city railroad in the world opens using exclusively steam power.
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Queen Victoria’s reign in Britain lasts 63 years, ending with her death.
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The Irish Potato Famine begins after a disease affecting potatoes, the main source of food, spread through the area.
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The Revolutions of 1848 were a series of revolutions across Europe against monarchs, most of which failed.
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Italy's unification was triggered by the Revolutions of 1848, and concluded in 1871 with the declaration of Rome as its capitol.
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Marx & Engels publish The Communist Manifesto, a detailed writing of their economic beliefs, theories and ideas.
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The Crimean War is fought between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
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Henry Bessemer patented the process, which had the purpose of removing impurities from iron.
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The British Crown takes rule of India until 1947.
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The scientifically groundbreaking 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' is published by Charles Darwin.
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The Russian emperor issues the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing Russian serfs.
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The process of German unification concludes with the proclamation of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles.
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Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel invents dynamite using nitroglycerin.
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The British North America Act is passed, granting Canada self-rule.
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The Suez Canal is finished and opens, connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
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The Franco-Prussian war is fought and ultimately ended with the Treaty of Versailles.
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Czar Alexander II is fatally injured by a bomb thrown by the People’s Will” group.