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Apr 18, 1452
Henry the Navigator
-Responsible for the early development of European exploration
-Began maritime trade with other continents
-Explored coast of Africa, when nobody else really knew much about the land -
Apr 18, 1492
Christopher Columbus
-Was an explorer, navigator, and colonizer
-Discovered the "New World" when looking for a route to India
-Never wrote in his native language
-Discovered that the Earth wasn't round -
Apr 18, 1492
Vasco de Gama
-Explorer and navigator
-Discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East (people thought that was not possible)
-Born into a noble family -
Apr 18, 1492
Columbian Exchange
-Trade of nonnative plants, animals, and diseases between Old and New Worlds
-Expalisn why Indian Nations collapsed
-European nations grew wealthier from this -
Apr 18, 1500
Protestant Reformation
-Movement involving religious and politcical development
-Led by Martin Luther, a German Monk
-People belived Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and needed to be changed
-Wanted to church to be available to all people, not just the rich and well educated -
Apr 18, 1502
Safavid Empire
-One of the most significant dynaties that ruled in Iran
-Official religion was Shi'a Islam
-United ranian provinces under one sovereignty
-Allied themselves with Europeans to stay protect from the Ottomans -
Apr 18, 1504
Hernan Cotes
-Led an expedition across Mexico
-Conquered the Aztec Empire
-Began building Mexico City
-Became governer and capatin general of Spain -
Apr 18, 1519
Ferdinand Magellan
-Led the first expedition that set sail aroud the world
-Named the Pacific Ocean
-Didn't survive the sail around the world, however, one of his ships did -
Apr 18, 1524
Francisco Pizarro
-Conquered Peru
-After Peru for the wealth of the Incas
-Stole an incredible amount of gold, silver, and other treasures, as he was very greedy -
Apr 18, 1526
Babur
-Founder of Mugha Empire
-Expanded kingdom by attacking many nations
-Established himself as Sultan after attacking the Delhi
-First Islamic conqueror to use muskets and artillery -
Apr 18, 1526
Mughal Empire
-Used gunpowder for the first time in India
-Dominant power in subcontinental India through the 16 and 18 century
-Took place of the Delhi Sultanate as the most powerful in the Indian region -
Apr 18, 1552
Matteo Ricci
-Sent to China to convert chinese into Christians
-One of the founders of the Jesuit Chian Mission
-One of the first western scholars to learn Chinese script, as others didn't care to
-Gained trust of many Chinese -
Apr 18, 1581
Galileo Galilei
-Astronomer, physicist, mathematician snd inventor
-Invented a calculating compass
-Went against some of the theories of Aristotle
-Improved telescopes -
Scientific Revolution
-Period with new ideas in physics, astronomy, chemistry, and other sciences
-Began in Europe
-Was not accepted by all, as it changed theories that had been belived for millions of years -
Creation of Colonies in the New World
-First colonies were established in the east coast
-Conflicts between European countires began over territory
-France and England had he most territory in the New World
-Colonies' economy largely based on fishing and farming -
Tokugawa Shogunate
-Population divided into four parts with samurai at the top
-Established by Tokugawa Ieyasu
-Known as Edo era, city's capital, now known as Tokyo
-Ruled by shoguns of the Tokugawa family -
Thirty Years War
-Fought mostly in Germany
-Involved most European countires
-Complex reasons for conflict, some were religious
-Began with the conflict between Protestanst and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire -
Quing Dynasty
-Founded by the Manchus
-China's last dynasty
-Manchu emprerors unpopular because they brought western influence to China, as they were from the north
-Expanded China to its present day size -
Peter the Great
-Became tsar at the age of ten
-Wanted Russia to be able to compete with European countries in war and technology
-Allied with the King of Engalnd, William the third, for trading purposes
-Ordered the building of a new city, present-day St. Petersburg -
Triangle Trade
-Trade route among Europe, Africa, and North America
-Goods from Europe would be traded for slaves
-Slaves would be sent to America on crodwd ships
-Goods produced in America would be shipped to Europe -
Enlightenment
-Era in Western philosphy, intellectual, scientific, and cultural life in which reason was considered the primary source foe legitimacy
-Began in Europe
-Set of values, rather than a set of ideas
-Generally emphasized on social conditions -
French-Indian War
-Began with conflict between France and Britain, spread into North America
-British colonist wanted to take over French land in North America
-French allied with Native Americans
-French lost all their land in Aerica, though recovered land in the Carribean -
Catherine the Great
-Empress of Russia; modeled after Peter the Great
-Born a princess in Geramny, but married into th eRussian throne
-Expanded Russia's borders
-Promoted westrenization, education, and Enlightenment -
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
-Inhereted a monarchy that was deeply in debt
-Grew unpopular as neither did anything to help France get out of debt
-Ran out of their palace, Versailles, and into Paris where revolutionaries put them in prison
-Last king and queen of France, both were beheaded -
American Revolution
-Conflict between 13 Colonies and Britain
-Colonist unhappy with King George the third; "No taxation without representation
-American colonist won their independance
-Treaty of Paris marks the end of The Revolutionary War -
French Revolution
-France divided into three estates: Clergy-> Nobility-> Commoners
-Commoners wanted priveleges the clergy and nobility had
-France was in a bad state financially and the monarchy wasn't helping
-Resulted in the last monarchy in France, and the First Republic of France -
Storming of the Bastille
-The Bastille was a prison that showed the absolutepower of the monarchy in France
-Mob wanted to steal weapons
-Chaos killed many people, including revolutionaries and guards
-The Bastille was destroyed -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
-Fundamental document of the Freanch Revolution
-Gave men in France an equal status
-Approved by the National Assembly of France
-Gave people the rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. -
Haitian Revolution
-Began because slaves wanted freedom
-Some people of color did have rights (mulattoes)
-Slaves set fire to plantations, torched cities, and massacred whites
-Revolutionaries drove out white power from St. Dominique -
Napoleon Bonaparte
-Said to be one of the greatest military commanders in history
-Became empreror of the French
-Introduced law codes to France
-Gave equality to all, regarless of religion, amd abolished feudalism -
Congress of Vienna
-Wanted to settle issues left from the French Revolution, the fall of Napoleon, and the break of the Holy Roman Empire
-Restored monarchies across Europe
-France was deprived from all terrotory gained by Napoleon
-Wanted to prevent political revolutionaries -
Waterloo
-Final battle of the Napoleonic Wars, fought near the village of Wateloo
-Battle between Napoleon and leaders of the allied powers in Europe
-Napoleon wanted to restore his power after he had been exiled
-Battle ended with Napoleon being exiled again