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Islamic empire founded by Osman. In 1453, Mehmed II conquered Constantinopl.
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The Songhi empire started in West Africa. Drew wealth from trans-Saharan trade.
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Prince Henry the Navigator promoted the study of navigation. Directed voyages of exporation down western coast of Africa.
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Portuguese raided northwest coast of Africa and Canary Islands. 80,000 Africans captured or purchased by the end of the century. Steadily increase of purchases there after.
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First expedition to sail around southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic to Indian Ocean. Possibility of traveling around southern tip of Africa discovered.
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He was the first king of Songhai empire. He was first king to allow Muslims and non-Muslims to coexist during a time when coexistence wasn't readily accepted.
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Martin Luther objected to the way new indulgence was preached. Also objected the emphasis on monetary based-indulgences rather than faith-based indulgences. Wished to reform church from within, not create an entirely new church.
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First intentions were to discover and acquire islands near India. Believe these islands were part of the East Indies. Reestablished contact with peoples of the Americas and the Old World. Made way for Spanish conquest and colonization.
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Safavid Empire was established my Ismail Safavi. Used land grands to support cavalry.
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He was a highly influential Protestant leader. Published The Institutes of Christian Religion, synthesis of Christian teachings.
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Spanish were after gold and conquered gold-rich cities. They forced natives to search for gold. The natives believed Spanish were gods because of their advanced weapons. Hernan Cortes and Spanish conquistadors captured Tenochtitlan.
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Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent reconstructed Ottoman legal system. Significantly expanded empire in Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. Commanded greatest assault on Christian Europe. Under his control, Ottoman empire reached its peak.
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Mughal Dynasty isthe exercising dominion over most of India in the 16th century.
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basically where catholics
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The council of Trent Three sessions in which the Council distinguished proper Catholic doctrine from Protestant "errors," reaffirmed the supremacy of popes, and called for a number of reforms.
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He conquered most of India and gave military officers income from land in exchange for service. Desired mutuality between Muslims and Hindus despite disputes between the two groups under his reign.
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He built telescope in 1609, able to magnify distant objects 30 times more powerful than the human eye. Saw that celestial objects were not perfectly smooth spheres (mountains and valleys on the moon, sun spots).
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The Wanli emperor was a recluse whose apparent inattention to government affairs contributed to the abuses of power by provincial officials and other political figures that came to dominate that era of Chinese history.
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The last three shogunates of Japan
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The thirty year war part of a long series of international conflicts due to monarchs' search for power in Europe. Caused long-lasting depopulation and economic decline of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Disputed monarchical claims to authority by divine right in Second Treatise of Civil Government in 1690. Argued rulers gained power from the governed and were subject to the law.
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The last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu.
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The Peace of Westphalia was the treaty that ended the Thirty Years’ War in Europe. The treaty meant an end to the long conflict between Catholic and Protestant forces.
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the frist afican slave to be known as a free slave
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Seven Years’ War, a power struggle in Europe, North America, and India that involved most of the nations of Europe. Great Britain, victorious over France, became the world’s greatest colonial power
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The slaves set fire to the plantations they worked in and demanded their freedom.
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In July 1833, a Bill to abolish slavery throughout the British Empire passed in the House of Commons, followed by the House of Lords on 1st August.