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John Kay made a shuttle that sped back and fourth on wheels. It doubled the work a weaver could do in a day
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James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny, which named after his daughter, It allowedd one spinner to work 8 threads at a time.
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He defended the idea of a free economy, or freemarket in his book "The Wealth of Nations"
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Samule Crompton combined eatures of the spinning jenny and the water frame to produce the spinning mule. It made thread that was stronger, finer, and more consistant.
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Utilitarianism: the growth of cities and the migration of people into them This philosophy was introduced by Jeremy Bently
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Slater emigrated to the United States from Britian. He built a spinning machine from memory and partial design.
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Brown opened the first factory in the Unitie States to house Slater's machines in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
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Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin. This machine removed seeds from the raw cotton.
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Capitalism: an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the good of making a profit. This was introduced by Thomas Malthus
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Malthus wrote an essay on "The Principle of Population" which he argued that population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply.
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Unions: workers joined together in voluntary associations. Unions engaged in collective batgaining negotiations between workers and their employers.
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Socialism: the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. This was introduced by Charles Fourier
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Lowell revolutionixed the American Textile Industry.
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John McAdam, a scottish engineer equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. Even in rainy weather wagons could travel over the new "macadam" roads without sinking in mud.
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In 1821, George Stphenson began work on the world's first railroad line. It was 27 miles from the Yorkshire coalfields to the port of Stockcton. In 1825, the railroad opened.
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The most prominent U.S reformer Horace Mann of Massachusettes. He favored free punlic educations for all children. By 1850, many states were starting to establish a system of public schools.
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Women were paid more to work in factories than at home and got paid a third less than men. This caused women to form unions in thetrades where this dominated.
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Communism: a form of complete socicalism in which the means of production. This was introduced by Karl Marx
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She wrote "mary Barton" a work of fiction. Its realistic description of the dank cellar dwelling place of one family in a Manchester slum presents a startlingly accurate portrayal of urban life at the time.
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The enslavement of African people finally ended in the Unitied States when the union won the Civil War in 1865.
