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Period: to
Industrial Revolution (23673)
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Tull's Seed Drill
Jethro Tull invented the seed drill in 1701. His seed drill would sow seed in uniform rows and cover up the seed in the rows. Up to that point, sowing seeds was done by hand by scattering seeds on the ground. Tull considered this method wasteful since many seeds did not take root. -
Flying Shuttle
Invented by John Kay, this was an inprovement to looms and enable workers to weave faster. The original shuttle contained a bobbin on to which the yarn was wound. The flying shuttle was thrown by a leaver that could be operated by one weaver. -
Matthew Boulton
He was a businessman that joined James Watt in investing in Watt's steam engines. He also incuraged him to further his work and make his steam engine better. -
The spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny machine used eight spindles onto which the thread was spun from a corresponding set of rovings. By turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once. -
Capitalism
Adam Smith believed in Ideas that we know today as capitalism. He believed in a free economy or free markets and he explained his ideas in his book, The Wealth of Nations. He felt that the government should not interfere in the economy. -
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism was introduced by Jeremy Bentham. He believed that people should judge their ideas, institutions, and actions based on their utility or usefulness. He believed that the government should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. -
Telegraph
A French engineer Claude Chappe and his brother Ignace invented an optical telegraph system that relayed messages from hilltop to hilltop using telescopes. The Chappes built a series of two-arm towers between cities. Each tower was equipped with telescopes pointing in either direction and a cross at its top whose extended arms could each assume seven easily-seen angular positions. -
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin Prior to his invention, farming cotton required hundreds of man-hours to separate the cottonseed from the raw cotton fibers. Prior to the cotton Gin, the prossess of picking out seeds was done by hand. His machine could generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states. -
The Steam Engine
Richard Trevithick believed that he could create a locomotive operating at high pressure, that could pull 10 tons on his 10 miles long good course. Trevithick made a bet then he built the first locomotive in the world and won the bet. -
Socialism
Charles Fourier thought that a new society needed to be formed to offset the effects of industrialization. He believed that the factors of production are owned by the public and they operate for the welfare of all. -
Francis Cabot Lowell
Francis Cabot Lowell was very influential in the Industrialization of American society. He mechanized every part of the cloth making process. This mechanization would spread and a new economic nation would form. -
Abolition of Slavery in England
William Wilberforce was a member of parliament that led the fight for the abolishment of slavery. In 1807 he got a bill passed to end British slave trade in the West Indies. He then retired from parliament but continued to fight for slavery abolishment. Finally in 1833 slavery was abolished. -
Factory Act of 1833
After a parliamentary investigation sparked by Richard Oastler on child labor in factories, they passed the factory act of 1833. It said that no child workers under nine years of age, employers must have an age certificate for their child workers, children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day, children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day and, children are not to work at night. -
Alexis de Tocqueville
He was a French writer that traveled to Manchester to look at the best and the worst of the Industrial Revolution. He wrote that “From this filthy sewer, pure gold flows". -
Elizabeth Gaskell
She was a British writer who wrote books such as Mary Barton, which shows sympathy for the working class's working conditions. -
Communism
Karl Marx was a German journalist and believed in social equality. He believed in a complete form of socialism which is called communism. Communism is in which the means of production would be owned by the people. He expressed hi ideas in his book, The communist Manifesto. -
Women during the Industrial Revolution
An important figure during the Industrial revolution was Jane Addams. She ran settlement houses or community centers that served the poor residents in lower class neighborhoods. After the abolishment of slavery, women began to fight for their rights and in 1888 the International Council for Women was founded. -
Free Public Education
Horace Mann was a US reformer and proposed that all children should have access to free public education. He said that if we don’t educate our children for the future our republic will be destroyed. Soon after, states were starting to establish public schools. -
John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller was one of the first owners of any American corporation. He owned/founded the Standard Oil Company. This revolutionized the American oil business. -
The Telephone
As with many inventions, many inventors contributed to ideas but there was one main inventor. Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for his model of the telephone. This enabled a sound or voice to be transmitted across a wire and heard on the other end of the wire by speaker.
