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Philip VI arrested all English merchants in Flanders and took away the privileges of the Flemish towns and the craft guilds. The Flemings revolted against French control and made an alliance with England.
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Edward the III invades France. He refused to acknowledge his fealty to Philip VI of France, who responded by confiscating the duchy of Aquitaine in 1337.
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Edward III landed in Normandy with an army of about 10,000 men, The French pursued him to Crécy, where the English occupied the side of a little hill.
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At Poitiers (1356) the Black Prince with a small army of Englishmen was confronted by an overwhelming French force.
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The horrors of a peasants’ revolt and civil strife were now added to the miseries of France. A treaty with England was finally concluded at Bretigny in 1360, by which King John was to pay a large money ransom and Edward III was to have Guienne, Crécy, and Calais in full sovereignty. In return Edward renounced all claim to the French crown.
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But in 1369 the new king of France, Charles V, physically weak but intellectually strong, found an excuse for breaking the treaty and renewing the war
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Soon after the accession in 1413 of Henry V, the hero king of England, the struggle began again.
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By the Treaty of Troyes (1420) the defeated and disunited French agreed that Henry V should marry Catherine of Valois, the daughter of Charles VI of France. It was further agreed that during Charles’s lifetime Henry should act as regent and that after Charles’s death Henry should reign as king of France as well as of England.
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The Siege of Orléans (1428–1429) marked a turning point in the Hundred Years' War between France and England. This was Joan of Arc's first major military victory and the first major French success to follow the crushing defeat at Agincourt in 1415.
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. Little by little they drove the English back. Finally the war ended in 1453 with only Calais remaining in English hands. Instead of winning the French throne for the English king, the Hundred Years’ War had lost for him the last of those continental possessions that had once been held by Henry II.
