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York

By hsnelson
  • Eboracum founded by the 9th Legion
    71

    Eboracum founded by the 9th Legion

  • First walls put up around York by the Romans
    71

    First walls put up around York by the Romans

  • Period: 71 to 400

    Roman York (Eboracum)

    Multangular tower of the Roman fortress in the Museum Gardens https://www.jorvik.co.uk/multangular-tower/
  • Building of Eboracum fortress in stone not wood
    107

    Building of Eboracum fortress in stone not wood

  • Eboracum became a 'colonia' - high status Roman city
    210

    Eboracum became a 'colonia' - high status Roman city

  • Emperor Septimius Severus died in York
    211

    Emperor Septimius Severus died in York

  • The Roman unloading crane was on the site of the Bonding Warehouse
    300

    The Roman unloading crane was on the site of the Bonding Warehouse

  • Constantine declared Emperor in York
    306

    Constantine declared Emperor in York

  • York attacked by invaders
    367

    York attacked by invaders

  • Works under the Minster in the 1970s uncovered part of the Roman legionary fortress
    390

    Works under the Minster in the 1970s uncovered part of the Roman legionary fortress

  • Period: 400 to 1067

    Anglo-Saxon and Viking York

    York city centre streets are mostly Viking gatas. For example, Coppergate - the cup-makers street https://www.yorkmix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/coppergate-red-light.jpg
  • York Minster founded in Eoforwic
    627

    York Minster founded in Eoforwic

  • King Edwin of Northumbria baptised Christian in York
    627

    King Edwin of Northumbria baptised Christian in York

  • Hilda of Whitby baptised alongside Edwin in York Minster
    627

    Hilda of Whitby baptised alongside Edwin in York Minster

  • Magnificent Anglo-Saxon helmet found in York from this time
    730

    Magnificent Anglo-Saxon helmet found in York from this time

  • Egbert was created the first Archbishop of York
    735

    Egbert was created the first Archbishop of York

  • Alcuin became master of the York School and then went on to work for Charlemagne, the most powerful man in Europe
    778

    Alcuin became master of the York School and then went on to work for Charlemagne, the most powerful man in Europe

  • Alcuin of York was one of the leading figures of European thought
    790

    Alcuin of York was one of the leading figures of European thought

  • Viking conquest - Jorvik became their capital
    866

    Viking conquest - Jorvik became their capital

  • Jorvik was a large Viking trading city
    900

    Jorvik was a large Viking trading city

  • Jorvik at the centre of international cultural exhange
    910

    Jorvik at the centre of international cultural exhange

  • Part of Jorvik was uncovered when Coppergate was redeveloped
    950

    Part of Jorvik was uncovered when Coppergate was redeveloped

  • Last Viking King of Jorvik, Erik Bloodaxe killed
    954

    Last Viking King of Jorvik, Erik Bloodaxe killed

  • Battle of Stamford Bridge - Vikings defeated
    1066

    Battle of Stamford Bridge - Vikings defeated

  • Battle of Fulford
    1066

    Battle of Fulford

    Invading army of Harald Hardraada defeated local Anglo-Scandinavian earls
  • Normans arrived a built a castle
    1068

    Normans arrived a built a castle

  • Period: 1068 to 1225

    Norman York

    William the Conqueror built two castles in York on either side of the River Ouse. One is now the site of Clifford's Tower, there other is Baile Hill at the end of the Walls http://www.castleuk.net/castle_lists_north/105/yorkmotte.htm
  • The North rebelled, was defeated and a second castle was built in York
    1069

    The North rebelled, was defeated and a second castle was built in York

  • Organisation of the Harrying of the North from York
    1069

    Organisation of the Harrying of the North from York

  • William Conquered York, destroyed part of the city and built castles
    1069

    William Conquered York, destroyed part of the city and built castles

  • Work began on a new York Minster
    1070

    Work began on a new York Minster

  • York and the region were subdued brutally by William the Conqueror by this date
    1070

    York and the region were subdued brutally by William the Conqueror by this date

  • Domesday Book recorded half of York as deserted
    1086

    Domesday Book recorded half of York as deserted

  • William Fitzherbert was made Archbishop of York, died, and was made a saint a few years' later
    1153

    William Fitzherbert was made Archbishop of York, died, and was made a saint a few years' later

  • Massacre of Jewish people in the castle by other citizens
    1190

    Massacre of Jewish people in the castle by other citizens

  • Massacre of Jewish people in the castle by Christian citizens
    1190

    Massacre of Jewish people in the castle by Christian citizens

  • Jewish cemetery found at Jewbury near Lord Mayor's Walk
    1200

    Jewish cemetery found at Jewbury near Lord Mayor's Walk

  • King John made York a self-governing city with a Lord Mayor
    1212

    King John made York a self-governing city with a Lord Mayor

  • About the time the building of today's York Minster began
    1220

    About the time the building of today's York Minster began

  • Period: 1225 to 1485

    Later Medieval York

    The city was wealthy and powerful. By 1440 it had the largest gothic style cathedral north of the Alps http://www.yorkmix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/york-minster-aerial-raf.jpg
  • York Castle was rebuilt in stone
    1244

    York Castle was rebuilt in stone

  • Henry III rebuilt the royal castle on stone
    1245

    Henry III rebuilt the royal castle on stone

  • York used as the capital city by King Edward I while he was at war with Scotland
    1298

    York used as the capital city by King Edward I while he was at war with Scotland

  • King Edward I began his campaigns against Scotland using York as a base
    1298

    King Edward I began his campaigns against Scotland using York as a base

  • King Edward III married Philippa of Hainault in York Minster
    1328

    King Edward III married Philippa of Hainault in York Minster

  • Philippa of Hainault married King Edward III in York Minster
    1328

    Philippa of Hainault married King Edward III in York Minster

  • City Band provided music for citizens - restarted in the 20thC as York Waits
    1340

    City Band provided music for citizens - restarted in the 20thC as York Waits

  • York Merchant Adventurers' began building their hall
    1357

    York Merchant Adventurers' began building their hall

  • Building of the Merchant Adventurers' Hall
    1368

    Building of the Merchant Adventurers' Hall

  • Merchant Taylors' Guild active by this time
    1387

    Merchant Taylors' Guild active by this time

  • York's 'Bar' Walls were a customs border as well as for defence
    1400

    York's 'Bar' Walls were a customs border as well as for defence

  • John Thornton created the East Window of York Minster - now a national treasure and York is world famous for it medieval glass
    1405

    John Thornton created the East Window of York Minster - now a national treasure and York is world famous for it medieval glass

  • Bolton Book of Hours is a beautifully illuminated prayer book now in York Minster library
    1410

    Bolton Book of Hours is a beautifully illuminated prayer book now in York Minster library

  • The Blackburn family of merchants gave stained glass windows to All Saints' North Street
    1420

    The Blackburn family of merchants gave stained glass windows to All Saints' North Street

  • York Minster completed in the continental Gothic style
    1440

    York Minster completed in the continental Gothic style

  • Building of a new Guildhall - seat of York City government until the 21st Century
    1445

    Building of a new Guildhall - seat of York City government until the 21st Century

  • Guildhall founded - the meeting place of York City Council
    1453

    Guildhall founded - the meeting place of York City Council

  • Richard of York's head on Micklegate Bar after his defeat at Wakefield
    1461

    Richard of York's head on Micklegate Bar after his defeat at Wakefield

  • Richard Duke of York's head was put on Micklegate Bar after his defeat in the Wars of the Roses
    1461

    Richard Duke of York's head was put on Micklegate Bar after his defeat in the Wars of the Roses

  • York Mystery Plays performed at Corpus Christi until 1571 and revived in th 20th Century
    1470

    York Mystery Plays performed at Corpus Christi until 1571 and revived in th 20th Century

  • Completion of the current York Minster
    1472

    Completion of the current York Minster

  • Period: 1485 to

    Tudor and Stuart York

    The city suffered under the Tudors and Stuarts. The City Walls still show damage from the Civil War period http://www.yorkwalls.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Marygate-Tower.jpg
  • Red Tower built (controversially) in brick as part of Henry VII's order to repair the walls after unrest
    1490

    Red Tower built (controversially) in brick as part of Henry VII's order to repair the walls after unrest

  • One third of York's people were priests, monks, nuns etc
    1500

    One third of York's people were priests, monks, nuns etc

  • Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion against Henry VIII
    1536

    Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion against Henry VIII

  • Henry VIII ordered Rober Aske to be hung in chains from the castle walls after the defeat of the Pilgrimage of Grace
    1537

    Henry VIII ordered Rober Aske to be hung in chains from the castle walls after the defeat of the Pilgrimage of Grace

  • Henry VIII closed the final monastery in York and reduced the number of churches
    1539

    Henry VIII closed the final monastery in York and reduced the number of churches

  • Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School founded
    1557

    Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School founded

  • Margaret Clitheroe, wife of a Shambles butcher, pressed to death for hiding Roman Catholic priests

    Margaret Clitheroe, wife of a Shambles butcher, pressed to death for hiding Roman Catholic priests

  • Margaret Clitheroe put to death for her faith

    Margaret Clitheroe put to death for her faith

  • York briefly capital of King Charles I at the start of the Civil War

    York briefly capital of King Charles I at the start of the Civil War

  • King Charles arrived in York at the start of the Civil War period that lasted until 1648

    King Charles arrived in York at the start of the Civil War period that lasted until 1648

  • Siege of York and Battle of Marston Moor

    Siege of York and Battle of Marston Moor

  • York garrisoned by King and then by Parliament in the Civil War

    York garrisoned by King and then by Parliament in the Civil War

  • Mass grave from the time of the Civil War found near the Walls

    Mass grave from the time of the Civil War found near the Walls

  • York Walls damaged in the Siege of York

    York Walls damaged in the Siege of York

  • Mary Ward, founder of a Roman Catholic order of nuns, died in York

    Mary Ward, founder of a Roman Catholic order of nuns, died in York

  • First Quaker Meeting House in York

    First Quaker Meeting House in York

  • Clifford's Tower military gunpowder store exploded and blew the roof off

    Clifford's Tower military gunpowder store exploded and blew the roof off

  • Frances Bedingfield founded the Bar Convent

    Frances Bedingfield founded the Bar Convent

  • Unitarian Chapel built by this date

    Unitarian Chapel built by this date

  • York Castle Prison - royal justice continued

    York Castle Prison - royal justice continued

    http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/1000-years-of-justice-at-york-castle
  • Period: to

    Georgian York

    The rich Georgians used York for pleasure and we can see many traces of this, for example their Assembly Rooms http://www.yorkconservationtrust.org/blakestreet-assemblyrooms.html
  • Mary Tuke founded a grocer's shop that became the start of Rowntree's business

    Mary Tuke founded a grocer's shop that became the start of Rowntree's business

  • Fashionable 'New Walk' was set out along the River Ouse

    Fashionable 'New Walk' was set out along the River Ouse

  • York Racecourse opened as entertainment for the rich people of Yorkshire

    York Racecourse opened as entertainment for the rich people of Yorkshire

  • York Theatre Royal opened

    York Theatre Royal opened

  • 22 Jacobite rebels were executed in York

    22 Jacobite rebels were executed in York

  • Naburn lock made trade easier

    Naburn lock made trade easier

  • First Methodist chapel built in York

    First Methodist chapel built in York

  • Viscount Fairfax bought Fairfax House for his daughter

    Viscount Fairfax bought Fairfax House for his daughter

  • York Crown Court is still housed in the courthouse

    York Crown Court is still housed in the courthouse

  • Foundation of Quaker Girls School in Trinity Lane

    Foundation of Quaker Girls School in Trinity Lane

  • Esther Tuke established a Quaker Girls' School

    Esther Tuke established a Quaker Girls' School

  • York Garrison set up at a time of fear of French invasion

    York Garrison set up at a time of fear of French invasion

  • The Retreat Hospital opened pioneering treatment of mental health

    The Retreat Hospital opened pioneering treatment of mental health

  • York Corporation planned to demolish the City Walls

    York Corporation planned to demolish the City Walls

  • Yorkshire Philosophical Society founded

    Yorkshire Philosophical Society founded

  • Yorkshire Fire and Life Insurance Office opened

    Yorkshire Fire and Life Insurance Office opened

  • York got gas street lighting

    York got gas street lighting

  • William Etty, York painter, elected to the Royal Academy

    William Etty, York painter, elected to the Royal Academy

  • York Footpath Association founded to save the Walls and use them for leisure and tourism

    York Footpath Association founded to save the Walls and use them for leisure and tourism

  • York Medical Society set up a medical school

    York Medical Society set up a medical school

  • George Hudson used his influence to make sure the mainline railway came to York

    George Hudson used his influence to make sure the mainline railway came to York

  • York got its own police authority

    York got its own police authority

  • Period: to

    Victorian and Edwardian York

    This era was a time of great change. For example, York gained its grand and important station http://railwayarchitecture.org.uk/Location/York/York%20Station/York%20Station.htm
  • Chartists held prisoner in York Castle

    Chartists held prisoner in York Castle

  • Passenger inter-city railway arrived in York

    Passenger inter-city railway arrived in York

  • York gained a major railway industry providing many jobs

    York gained a major railway industry providing many jobs

  • First York Station opened

    First York Station opened

  • Second major cholera outbreak in the city

    Second major cholera outbreak in the city

  • Nunthorpe Court was built by a Colonol and racecourse owner - now Millthorpe School

    Nunthorpe Court was built by a Colonol and racecourse owner - now Millthorpe School

  • Mary Ann Craven ran her confectionary business for the next 40 years

    Mary Ann Craven ran her confectionary business for the next 40 years

  • Rowntree's Chocolate Factory opened

    Rowntree's Chocolate Factory opened

  • York's new railway station was the largest in the country

    York's new railway station was the largest in the country

  • Jewish synagogue opened in Aldwark

    Jewish synagogue opened in Aldwark

  • Hungate Dig discovered destroyed 19th century houses that were also in photos

    Hungate Dig discovered destroyed 19th century houses that were also in photos

  • York Art Gallery opened, followed by the library a year later

    York Art Gallery opened, followed by the library a year later

  • Seebohm Rowntree published 'Poverty a Study in Town Life' that shaped social policy in Britain and beyond

    Seebohm Rowntree published 'Poverty a Study in Town Life' that shaped social policy in Britain and beyond

  • Hungate was identified as an area of extreme poverty

    Hungate was identified as an area of extreme poverty

  • 'Poverty in York' revealed 20% of York's people lived in terrible poverty and changed national policy

    'Poverty in York' revealed 20% of York's people lived in terrible poverty and changed national policy

  • York unveiled a memorial to troops who died in the Boer War

    York unveiled a memorial to troops who died in the Boer War

  • Electric Theatre opened as York's first purpose-built cinema

    Electric Theatre opened as York's first purpose-built cinema

  • Local men gathered as troops in 1914 at nearby Strensall

    Local men gathered as troops in 1914 at nearby Strensall

  • York men and women were caught up in the First World War

    York men and women were caught up in the First World War

  • Period: to

    20th Century York

    From a chocolate and railway city at war, to a tourist and university city at peace, this was also a time of great change https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_York#/media/File:Central_Hall,_York_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_989169.jpg
  • Dr Elsie Impey, old girl of The Mount School, died on a boat torpedoed in the Mediterranean

    Dr Elsie Impey, old girl of The Mount School, died on a boat torpedoed in the Mediterranean

  • First zeppelin bombing of the city

    First zeppelin bombing of the city

  • First of several zeppelin raids killed York citizens

    First of several zeppelin raids killed York citizens

  • Mary Carter was one of several York women killed in an explosion at the Barnbow munitions factory in Leeds

    Mary Carter was one of several York women killed in an explosion at the Barnbow munitions factory in Leeds

  • Betty Stevenson of York killed by a bomb on the Western Front

    Betty Stevenson of York killed by a bomb on the Western Front

  • Celebrations greeted the Armistice on 11th November

    Celebrations greeted the Armistice on 11th November

  • Unveling of the restored Five Sisters window to commemorate women of the Empire who died in WW1

    Unveling of the restored Five Sisters window to commemorate women of the Empire who died in WW1

  • New council houses built to provide better homes

    New council houses built to provide better homes

  • York built council houses to provide good homes for poorer people

    York built council houses to provide good homes for poorer people

  • Edward Bairstow, organist of York Minster, knighted for services to church music

    Edward Bairstow, organist of York Minster, knighted for services to church music

  • Judi Dench born in York

    Judi Dench born in York

  • York people were caught up in World War Two

    York people were caught up in World War Two

  • Edna Crichton, 1st female Lord Mayor of York

    Edna Crichton, 1st female Lord Mayor of York

  • Worst bombing raid on the city

    Worst bombing raid on the city

  • 92 people were killed in the April 'Baedeker' night bombing raid

    92 people were killed in the April 'Baedeker' night bombing raid

  • York's hospitals became part of the NHS

    York's hospitals became part of the NHS

  • First York Festival

    First York Festival

  • York Festival revived - York now markets itself as a City of Festivals

    York Festival revived - York now markets itself as a City of Festivals

  • Judi Dench played Mary in York Mystery plays while a schoolgirl in the city

    Judi Dench played Mary in York Mystery plays while a schoolgirl in the city

  • York Barracks the HQ of Northern Command

    York Barracks the HQ of Northern Command

  • Cold War Bunker opened to monitor nuclear explosions

    Cold War Bunker opened to monitor nuclear explosions

  • University of York opened

    University of York opened

  • National Railway Museum opened

    National Railway Museum opened

  • York District Hospital opened

    York District Hospital opened

  • Red Rhino indie records which then set up a record label of national importance

    Red Rhino indie records which then set up a record label of national importance

  • Jorvik Viking Centre opened

    Jorvik Viking Centre opened

  • York Beer Wine and Cheese Shop opened as part of a wave of new independents

    York Beer Wine and Cheese Shop opened as part of a wave of new independents

  • York Muslim Association founded

    York Muslim Association founded

  • John Barry Prendergast, York born composer, awarded an OBE for life-time achievement in film music

    John Barry Prendergast, York born composer, awarded an OBE for life-time achievement in film music

  • National Centre for Early Music opened in York

    National Centre for Early Music opened in York

  • UNESCO City of Media Arts - actually 2014!

    UNESCO City of Media Arts - actually 2014!