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Allies
-First called The Triple Entente.
-Consisted of France, Britain, and Russia. -
Central Powers
-First known as The Triple Alliance.
-Comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Italy. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
-Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip killed him and his wife.
-From the Black Hand.
-July 28 - Austria-Hungary declares what was expected to be a
short war against Serbia.
-August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia. On
-August 3 - Germany declares war on France.
-Germany invades Belgium ---> Britain declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. -
Schlieffen Plan
-Dictated a holding action against Russia. To be combined with a drive through Belgium to Paris.
-After France had fallen, the two German armies planned to defeat Russia. -
Committee on Public Information
-Propoganda agency for WW1
-SIlenced and arrested people who spoke badly of the war in any way, shape, or form -
Lusitania Sinks
-128 Americans of the 1,198 killed.
-Germany's excuse: ammunition was on board.
-US outrage, Wilson still held back. -
Arabic Sinks
-2 Americans drowned.
-US enraged again, Germany promises not to sink any more ships. -
Sussex Sinks
-Germany broke its promise and sunk this unarmed passenger vessel.
-80 passengers killed/hurt, some Americans.
-Germany agrees to stop, but on one condition: if the United States could not persuade Britain to lift its blockade against food and fertilizers, Germany would consider renewing unrestricted submarine warfare. -
Battle of the Somme
-Lasted until mid-November.
-Brits: 60k casualties the 1st day alone. Final casualties totaled ~1.2 million.
-Only 7 miles of land was regained. -
Zimmerman Note
-Germany proposed alliance w/ Mexico and offered them recovery of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
-Intercepted by the US and given to the president. -
War Industries Board
-Bernard M. Baruch established.
-What they did:
-Increased production in US by 20%
-Set quotas for raw materials
-Price controls -
Selective Service Act
-Required men to register with the government
in order to be randomly selected for military service.
-End of 1918 - 24 million men had registered. -
Convoy System
-Heavy guard of destroyer vessels escort merchant ships back and forth.
-By fall of 1917, ship losses were cut in half. -
Second Battle of the Marne
-After Russia pulled out of the war, Germany moved its forces to the western front in France.
-US Troops helped
-Tides had turned by this point. -
Food Administration
-Gospel of the Clean Plate:
-Meatless day
-Sweetless day
-Wheatless 2 days
-Porkless 2 days -
Espionage and Sedition Acts
-Person could be fined 10k and sentenced to 20 yrs in jail for speaking poorly of the war. -
Austira-Hungary Surrenders
-On this same day, Germany's gov't began to collapse. -
Establishment of the German Republic
-Socialist leaders in Berlin established this.
-Kaiser gives up throne. -
Cease-fire & Armstice
-Germany signed the truce that ended the war.
