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Muhammad dies of an illness
This began the fall of the religion as people were confused on how to go on with the religion and how Muhammad intended for it to go on. This began the downfall of the religion -
Sunni and Shiite Muslims split; disagreed as to how Muhammed intended his successor to be chosen; Shiites: followers of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali (the 4th successor/Caliph) and his descendants; Ali was murdered, buried in Iraq (now a pilgrimage site) Sunnis: followers of the 3rd Caliph of Muhammed and of elected leaders thereafter the capital of empire moved to Damascus. location more central. This added to the already falling religion
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In 711 Muslim forces invaded and in seven years conquered the Iberian peninsula. This helps them to expand their land, which means gaining followers in these parts of the land will be much easier so this helped the religion.
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Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards. The muslim's lost their governer in this fight,
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The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, shifting the seat of power to Baghdad. This began the so called Islamic Golden Age,
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750 - 850: The Four Orthodox Schools of Islamic Law were established. This helped the religion greatly by providing a few schools for people to go to, so they understood the relgion more.
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Perfectus, a Christian priest in Muslim Cordova, is executed after he refuses to retract numerous insults he made about the Prophet Muhammed. Numerous other priests, monks, and laity would follow as Christians became caught up in a zest for martyrdom. This doesn't seem to help or make the other religion fall just yet, but it'll most likely have some kind of future impact.
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The Fatimids of Egypt conquered north Africa and included the territory as an extension of Egypt until 972. This temporary expandsion helped the religion reach new places in hopes people living there would pick it up.
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Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad. The Seljuk Turk's help Islamic people defend their homes against many of the people against them.
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Pope Urban II opens the Council of Clermont where ambassadors from the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, asking help against the Muslims, were warmly received. This was bad for the Muslims as these people were against them and growing together.
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Battle of Ascalon. According to most accounts (both crusader and Muslim), the Fatimids were caught unprepared and the battle was short. Al-Afdal left behind his camp and its treasures, which were captured by Robert and Tancred. Crusader losses are unknown, but the Egyptians lost about 10-12 000 men. After the battle, almost all of the remaining crusaders returned to their homes in Europe, their vows of pilgrimage having been fulfilled.
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There were perhaps only a few hundred knights left in Jerusalem by the end of the year, but they were gradually reinforced by new crusaders, inspired by the success of the original crusade. Ascalon itself remained under Fatimid control and was soon re-garrisoned. It became the base of operations for invasions of the Kingdom of Jerusalem every year afterwards, and numerous battles were fought there in the following years, until it was finally captured by the crusaders in 1153.
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The year of Islamic victory.Ê Saladin crushes the Crusaders armies at Hittin, near Lake Tiberias. He reconquers Jerusalem and the greater part of the Crusaders territories. The Crusaders now hold only Tyre, Tripoli and Antioch. This is good for the Muslims as it gives them the land they lost back and now are one step closer to making the Crusaders gone.
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The Marinids under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The Almohad suffer defeat by the Marinids at the Battle of Nakur.
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Mongols capture Baghdad; city is sacked and caliph is killed. End of Abbasid caliphate. This was bad for them and knocked one of their caliphate's down.
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Ottomans capture Bursa and Iznik and move into Europe.
Capital of Ottoman Empire moved from Bursa to Adrianople.
Ottomas take control of the Balkans. These 1000 years helped them a lot. -
Castile and Aragon capture Granada. All Muslims (and Jews) expelled from Spain. Apparently a lot of people have issues with Muslim and Jewish people,
this was bad for them both. -
Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent; Ottoman Empire reaches its zenith. Hungary and coastlands of Algeria and Tunisia come under Ottoman rule.
