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Mohammad began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Koran and the foundation of Islam. By 630, he had unified most of Arabia under one religion.
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Jesus helped spread God's word to the people
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The people wanted a more cheaper way to help spread the literature.
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Ships were able to transport items faster and cheaper.
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After Sunni Ali took control over the city Gao, he established the Songhai Empire.
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John Wycliffe advocated that the Church reform. He denied that fact, that the pope had the highest authority. He taught that the Bible had more authority than the Church leaders.
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They became the dominant political family of Europe.They managed to overcome territorial and language boundaries and gained control of much of Europe.
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People thought that Jan Huss was a heretic against the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Because of this, he was burned at the stake.
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Gutenberg made it possible for people to buy books at a low cost, when he invented the printing press.
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Christopher Columbus and his crew, set sail from Spain, and sailed to America.
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A french king had claimed the throne of Naples in southern Italy and launched an invasion in northern Italy. As the war continued, Italian artists and writers fled to Northern Europe, and passed down their styles and techniques of the Italian Renaissance.
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The Last Supper shows the personalities of Jesus’ disciples through facial expressions.
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They sailed as far as the Cape Verde Islands. They eventually reached their goal to India,
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Michelangelo wanted the Pieta, to show the representation of the communion between man and God by the sanctification through Christ.
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Michelangelo portrayed the biblical hero in the moments before his battle. David's posture is graceful , yet displays strength.
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The Mona Lisa is one of the best known portraits. This painting look realistic. Many people tried to explain the thoughts behind her smile.
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Even though Michelangelo was more sculptor, Pope Julius still insisted that Michelangelo do some paintings.
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He thought that in order to improve society, the people should study the bible.
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Luther decided to take a stand against the actions a friar, Johann Tetzel. Tezel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. He did this by selling indulgences, which was a pardon. In response Luther wrote 95 of these, which later was nailed on a church door.
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Cortez was able to defeat the Aztecs by scaring the Natives with 16 horses, and by gaining alliances with other enemies of the Aztecs.
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Leo X wanted Luther to retract 45 of his 95 of these. After Luther refused to do so, Leo X excommunicated him.
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Ferdinand Magellan’s crew sailed across the Indian Ocean, the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at the Spanish Port.
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The Mughal emperor invaded a kingdom in northern India, and established a dynasty.
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Henry VIII was convinced that his wife couldn’t have any more children, so he wanted a divorce and marry a younger woman. However the church didn’t allow the divorce, and the pope wouldn’t annul Henry’s marriage. Because of this Henry broke from the church. Henry VII called a parliament to pass a set of laws, to end the pope’s power in England. Which legalized his divorce.
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Pizarro traps the Incas while they were unarmed, and fired at them. Which allowed them to defeat the Incas.
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Once Henry's break with the Pope was completed, the Parliament voted to approve the Acts of Supremacy. Once the people heard about this, they accepted Henry as the head of the church.
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The Jesuit Order converted thousands of people to Catholicism.
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He explored the western coast of Newfoundland, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and as far as Anticosti Islands
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He believed that God knew in the beginning who will be saved.
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John Calvin published the Institutes of the Christian Religion, to express the ideas about God, salvation, and human nature.He took Luther’s idea that humans cannot earn salvation, Calvin added that God chooses few people to save.
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The Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines. The church's interpretation of the bible was final, Christians needed faith and good works for salvation, the bible and church traditions were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life, and indulgences were valid expressions of faith.
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Drake was chosen, as the leader of an expedition, to explore the coast that lay beyond.
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Drake and his 5 ships, set out from England to raid Spanish holdings on the Pacific coast of the New World.
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When the Armada tried to get in contact with the Spanish army, the English ship attacked. Queen Elizabeth I was able to defeat the Spanish Armada, when then wind moved the Spanish ships northward.
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Henry VI wanted to bring closure to the French war of religion.
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He thought that France needed respect in Europe.
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The Ottoman Empire grew and became one of the most powerful states in the world, during the 15th and 16th century.
