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The crusades were a series of holy wars called by popes with the promise of indulgences for those who fought in them and directed against external and internal enemies of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property
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people wanted to show they were wealthy
people purchased art, and literature.This new area of art and literature became knowns was the renaissance
renaissance french word for the rebirth. -
The Hundred Years' War was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne.The war starts off with several stunning successes on Britain's part, and the English forces dominate France for decades.
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25 million people died and no one could explain .Coming out of the East, the Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of 1348 unleashing a rampage of death across Europe
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In the late period of the Yuan Dynasty a peasant's uprising - Hongjinjun uprising broke out against the Mongols.
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n the early days of the Ming Dynasty, that is, early in the 15th century, China was, in economic progress, an advanced country in the world. At the orders of the then emperor, Cheng Zu, whose name was Zhu Di, a vast fleet set sail
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driven by voices she said came from God She was captured, tried as a heretic and burned at the stake.
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Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. While this may not sound like a big deal at first. the printing press is often considered as the most important invention.
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the capture of the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire .The conquest of Constantinople followed a seven-week siege that had begun on Friday, 6 April 1453.
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may 1486 columns asked queen isabella and king ferdinand of spain to fund his first voyage
rejected after four years of consideration but ultimately accepted and named project "enterprise of the indies"
First voyage august 3,1492 -
the Gitanos and the Jews were all persecuted, and the Moors and Jews were expelled by the Spanish Inquisition .Jews, Gypsies, and moors expelled from spain, the terms of the treaty to the morrs jews and gypsies where broken after seven years
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he was sent as viceroy to India, but he fell ill and died.Vasco took command when his father died and sailed from Lisbon
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Origins of the slave trade
slavery existed in africa itself
atlantic slave trade
shortage of laborers
europeans needed works on plantations
plantations;estates,where cash crops such as sugar or tobacco were grown on late scales
first used natives -
After the disastrous invasion of Mongols, imigrated Turks and Mongolian tribes adopted the Persian customs and even language.
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America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, an explorer who first recognized that the lands in the New World.Being a well educated man, he realized that this new world was not part of Asia this is Why Its Called America Not Columbusia
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Leonardo's three great portraits of women all have a strange air of wistfulness. This is at its most engaging in Lady with the Ermine, brooding in the Female Portrait of Ginevra de' Benci and undeniably enigmatic in the Mona Lisa.
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Julius was determined that Rome should be rebuilt to its former glory, and had embarked on a vigorous campaign to get the job done.The main panels down the center depict scenes from the Book of Genesis, from the Creation, to the Fall, to shortly after Noah's deluge
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Ferdinand Magellan's voyage was the first to circle the globe. Sadly, Magellan did not live to see his success.his ambitious expedition proved that the globe could be circled by sea and that the world
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you could not rid of your sins through labor.
indulgences was disgrace to faith -selling indulgences was a sin itself
only god himself can forgive you for your sins -
The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb. they were invaders into India from Afghanistan
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The churches of the Anglican Communion have their historical roots in the English Reformation.
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Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of the Incas, dies by strangulation at the hands of Francisco Pizarro's Spanish conquistadors.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who put forth the theory that the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun. This is called the heliocentric, or Sun-centered, system
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convened by pope Paul III3rd 1545-1563
all church leaders met with the purpose of defining the catholic doctrines
attempt to dismiss any claims made the protestant reformers
some things changed -
his reign the Spanish empire attained its greatest power, extent, and influence, though he failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands
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Elizabeth practiced a policy of strengthening England's Protestant allies and dividing her foes.With increasing English domination at sea, Elizabeth encouraged voyages of discovery, such as Sir Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the world and Sir Walter Raleigh's expeditions to the North American coast.
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The Age of Enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in late 17th-century Western Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
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The founding of Jamestown, America’s first permanent English colony, in Virginia in 1607 – 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in Massachusetts – sparked a series of cultural encounters that helped shape the nation and the world.
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King Louis XIV of France led an absolute monarchy during France’s classical age. He revoked the Edict of Nantes and is known for his aggressive foreign policy.
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Before Qing's establishment, there was a regime called 'Latter Jin' that had been set up by Nurhachu, leader of the Man Ethnic Minority. Actually, Man people were the offspring of the Nuzhen people who had always been living in Northeast China.
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The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes s best known for his political thought, and deservedly so. His vision of the world is strikingly original and still relevant to contemporary politics.
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remains one of our most famous characters in history. Parliament ran England but from Cromwell's point of view, it was not a system that worked effectively and England, as a nation was suffering.
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Peter was a grandson of Tsar Michael Romanov . In 1682 Peter was proclaimed Tsar at the tender age of 10. But due to power struggles between different political forces in the country, the young Tsar was forced to rule jointly with his brother Ivan, under the patronage of their sister Sofia.
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Catherine II was empress of Russia, and led her country into the political and cultural life of Europe
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King Louis XVI needed money. His financial crisis forced the French monarch to reluctantly convene the Estates General in order to levy a new land tax that would hopefully solve his monetary woes. It had been 175 years since the last meeting of this deliberative body that included representatives of three Estates:
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When a bill of rights was proposed in Congress in 1789, North Carolina ratified the Constitution. Finally, Rhode Island, which had rejected the Constitution in March 1788 by popular referendum, called a ratifying convention in 1790 as specified by the Constitutional Convention.
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After the death of Louis XVI in 1793, the Reign of Terror began. The first victim was Marie Antoinette. She had been imprisoned with her children after she was separated from Louis.
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Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Napoleon I, the first Frenchman to hold the title of emperor in a thousand years. Pope Pius VII handed Napoleon the crown that the 35-year-old conqueror of Europe placed on his own head.
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he Battle of Waterloo, which took place in Belgium ,.marked the final defeat of French military leader and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte who conquered much of continental Europe in the early 19th century.
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The social straitjacket imposed on Japanese society for two centuries by the Tokugawa shoguns was already breaking down from a combination of serious political, economic
