-
2.5 Million B.C.E.
-2.5 Million B.C.E.: Emergence of Homo sapiens in eastern Africa -
Period: to
The Foundations Period
-
• 1.25 million B.C.E
-1 million: Emergence of Homo erectus, an upright tool-using human
- 600,000: wide spread of human species across Asia, Europe, Africa; control of fire -
• 150,000 B.C.E
• 150,000 B.C.E: Emergence of homo sapiens sapiens, which displaces other human spices -
• 30,000 B.C.E
-30,000-25,000: passage of first people to Americas
-15,000-12,000: domestication of dogs -
• 10,000 B.C.E
-8500-6500: domestication of sheep, pigs, goats, cattle
-8500-3500: Neolithic Age; development of farming in middle east -
• 8000 B.C.E
7000: first town at Jericho -
• 6000 B.C.E.
-5600: beans domesticated in western hemisphere -
• 5000 B.C.E.
-5000: domestication or maize (corn)
-5000-2000: Yangshao culture in north China -
• 4000 B.C.E
-4000-3000: Development of writing, bronze metalworking, wheel, plow in middle east
-3500-1800: Sumerian civilization
-3100-1087: founding and flowering of Egyptian civilization
-2500-1500: Indus civilization in south Asia -
• 2000 B.C.E
-1850: origins in Shang kingdom in china
-1800: formation of Babylonian empire in Middle East
-1700-1300: Rise of village culture in Mesoamerica
-1600: beginning of Indo-European invasions of India and parts of the Mediterranean and Middle East
-1600: spread of civilization to Crete (Minoan)
-1250: Moses and Jewish exodus from Egypt (according to Jewish belief) -
• 5000 B.C.E
-5000: Early Japanese settlement -
• 2000 B.C.E
-2000: Germans settle in Denmark
-1200-700: Vedas composed
-1500-500: Polynesian migrations
-1700: Indo-European invasions of Greek peninsula -
• 1600 B.C.E
-1600-1000: Aryan invasions of India
-1500-1000: Vedic Age
-1400: Kingdom of Mycenae; Trojan War -
• 1200 B.C.E
-1200-700: Sacred Vedas composed
-1029-268: Zhou dynasty; introduction of a standard spoken language
-1122-770: initial Zhou kingdom
-1000-600: Epic Age: Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Upanishads composed -
• 1000 B.C.E
-c. 1000: Polynesians reach Fiji, Samoa
-1000: Independent kingdom of Kush
-1000: Germans expand southward
- 900: Maya begins
-800-400: Spread of Olmec civilization: cultivation of maize (corn), potatoes; domestication of turkeys, dogs
-850-250: Chavin culture (Andes)
-800-600: rise of Greek city-states; Athens and Sparta become dominant
-800 B.C.E-1000 C.E.: Bantu migration, sub-Saharan Africa
770-403: later Zhou kingdom; beginning of China's classical period -
• 750 B.C.E
-750-600: Meroë (Kush) rules Egypt
-700-c. 550: Era of unrivaled Brahman dominance
-c.700: Homerian epics Iliad, Odyssey; flowering of Greek architecture
- 600: Zoroastrian religion in Iran
-600 Legendary ruler in Japan
-563-483: Life of the Buddha
-551-c. 233: periods of the great Chinese philosophers: Confucius, Laozi, Mencius, Legalists
-551-478: Life of Confucius
-550: Cyrus the Great forms the Persian Empire
-C. 542-483: Buddha
-509: Beginnings of Roman Republic -
• 500 B.C.E
-c. 500: Laozi and Daoism
-c. 500: Editing of the Five Classics
- 500-499: Greek wars with Persia; Persia defeated
-500-450: beginnings of Roman republic
-470-430: Athens at its height: Pericles, Phidias, Sophocles, Socrates
-470-430: height of the Athenian philosophical style
-c. 450: Development of Chinese calendar
-450: Twelve Tables of Law
-431 ff.: Peloponnesian Wars; decline of Greece
-402-201: Era of the Warring States
-359-336: Phillip II of Macedonia -
• 500 B.C.E
-338-323: Macedonian Empire, Alexander the Great
-330: Alexander the Great
- 327-325: Alexander the great invades India
-322-185: Mauryan empire
-300-100: Hellenistic period
-300: Rise of Axum
-300 B.C .E-900 C.E.- Heights of Maya
-269-232: Reign of Ashoka
-264: -156: Punic Wars
-264-140: roman expansion in North Africa (Punic wars) and eastern Mediterranean -
• 250 B.C.E
-221: Shi Huangdi proclaimed first emperor of China
-221-202: Qin dynasty: the First Emperor, the Great Wall begun, a single basic language
-202 B.C.E- 220 C.E.: Han Dynasty
-202 B.C.E-9 C.E.: Initial Han dynasty; key technical developments of horse collar and water mill
-c. 200: introduction of the ox-drawn plow, horse collar, water mill
-200 B.C.E.-200 C.E.: greatest Buddhist influence
-141-87: Reign of Han Wu Ti, increased bureaucracy; examinations, spread of Confucianism -
• 250 B.C.E
-133 ff.: decline of Roman republic
-100: Germans begin contact with Rome; Slavs migrate into eastern Europe
-49: Julius Caesar becomes dictator in Rome; Assassinated in 44
-27: Augustus Caesar seizes power; rise of Roman Empire
-c. 4: Birth of Jesus -
• 1 C.E.
-23-220: later Han dynasty; invention of paper and compass
-27: Augustus founds Roman Empire
-30: Crucifixion of Jesus
-63: Forced dissolution of independent Jewish state by Romans
-88: Beginning of Han decline
-c. 100: Root crops introduced to southern Africa through trade
-101-106: Greatest spread of Roman territory
-106: Height of Roman territory
-180: beginning of decline of Rome; Death of Marcus Aurelius -
• 1 C.E.
-200: Extensive Agriculture practiced in Japan
-200-500: Nasca culture (Andes)
-200-700: Mochica culture (Andes)
-200- 1300: Anasazi in North America
-220 Last Han emperor deposed
-227: Beginning of Sassanid Empire in Persia -
• 250 C.E.
-284-305: Reign of Diocletian
-300 Ethiopia adopts Christianity
-300: decline of Meroë
-300 Spread of Buddhism
-300-400: Yamato claim imperial control of Japan
-300-700: Rise of Axum; conversion to Christianity
-300-900: intermediate Horizon period (Andes)
-300-1000: Second wave of Polynesian migrations to Hawaii
-312-337: Reign of Constantine ; formation of Eastern Empire; adaptation of Christianity
-313: Constantine adopts Christianity -
• 250 C.E.
-319: Gupta Empire founded; one of the world's first universities established
-319-540: Gupta Empire
-370-480: Nomadic invasions of Western Europe
-c. 400: Growth of Mayan civilizations
-400: Chinese script imported
-c. 400: Polynesians reach Hawaii
-401 ff.: large-scale Germanic invasions in Roman Empire
-450: Huns begin to invade India
-451: First Han invasion
-476: Last Roman emperor in West; Fall of Rome -
• 500 C.E.
-c. 500: Buddhism takes root in east and southeast Asia
-c. 500: Formation of Ghana
-527-565: Justinian Eastern empire
-535: Gupta Empire overturned by the Huns
-580 ff.: Spread of Buddhism in Japan
-589-618: Sui dynasty -
• 500 C.E.
-600: Beginning of Islam
-600-647: Harsha's Empire
-618: Tang dynasty; glorious cultural period
-700 ff.: Spread of Islam; trans-Sahara trade in Africa
-700: Shintoism unified into single national religion in Japan -
• 750 C.E.
-800-1300: Mississippian culture
-900: Polynesians to New Zealand
-1000: Height of kingdom of Ghana, Africa
