-
Period: to
Opium Wars
It was a war between Britain and China over China's attempts to suppress the opium trade by Britain. It resulted in Britain winning and China being forced to compensate by handing over Hong Kong Island and expanding the number of treaty ports. This war is important because it destroyed the Qing Dynasty and transformed it into the republic we see today. -
Period: to
Second Industrial Revolution
It was a time of expansion for both new and current industries, such as the steel, oil, and electrical sectors. The world was slowly becoming more industrialized. There were mass-produced consumer goods and weapons. It was caused by American innovators, technologies, and new sources of power. This revolution took place in Britain, continental Europe, North America, and Japan. -
Period: to
19th-Century Environmentalism
It was a movement started in the early 19th century that focused on spreading awareness of the already deteriorating environment. It was caused by people's realization that the escalation of warfare, chemical gases, and machine-made weaponry was destroying the environment. The movement idealized the environment and many environmental organizations were created to focus on preserving nature. -
Period: to
Xinhai revolution
It was a revolution led by Sun Yat- Sun which took place during the Qing Dynasty. The revolt ended the Qing Dynasty and formed it to the Republic of China we know of today. -
Period: to
Greek Civil War
It was mainly fought against the established Kingdom of Greece which did win in the end. The conflict would shatter Greece and transform Europe. -
India and Pakistan
Partition of India signifies Britian dividing India into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan. India became independent from British rule. -
Stalin’s Plan for Transformation of Nature
In the Soviet Union, it was advocated by Joseph Stalin for land development, agricultural methods, and water projects to boost the country's agriculture. -
Marshall Plan
In order to prevent the development of Soviet Communism, the United States provided economic assistance to help reconstruct European economies following WWII. -
Period: to
Berlin Airlift
The United States, France, and the United Kingdom responded with the Berlin Airlift, which flew supplies and food to the residents of West Berlin. -
Period: to
The Algerian War of Independence
It was a war for Algerian independence from France. The Fourth Republic of France was brought to an end by a political crisis and Algeria won. -
Period: to
Second Indochina War
This war was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies. South Vietnam was supported by the United States and other anti-communist alliances. The rise of communism, American containment, and European imperialism in Vietnam were the causes. After the war, South Vietnam was taken over by communist forces, which brought an end to the conflict. The country was then united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. -
Period: to
Hungarian Revolt
rebellion against Hungary's communist government and its policies imposed by the Soviet Union. Khrushchev's attempt to reform communism was to blame for this rebellion and it left thousands dead. -
Period: to
Suez Crisis
It was caused by Nasser who wanted to nationalize the Suez Canal, which was jointly managed by France and Great Britain, in part to pay for the building of the Aswan Dam across the Nile River. Internationally, it complicated Middle East affairs and threatened Britain's diplomatic ties with Commonwealth nations. It resulted in a severe economic crisis in Britain. -
Period: to
The Great Leap Forward
It was a campaign run by Chinese communists to improve and advance agriculture and industrialization. However, this proved to have destructive effects on the Chinese people as it caused famine and a reduction in the number of births which caused the population of China to drop drastically. -
Period: to
Neocolonialism in Africa
Many advanced countries still had economic and political power over post-colonial states in Africa. Multinational corporations in Europe, North America, and Asia were all taking advantage of Africa's natural resources and buildings were created by foreign companies. Neocolonialism in Africa was for exploitation rather than for the development of Africa. -
Period: to
Green Revolution
The green revolution was the usage of technology transfer to boost agricultural production around the world. It improved the economy of India, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries. It also allowed the creation of a stable food supply and reduced the amount of land usage. However, it also proved to have many consequences as it increased the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals. It also led to pollution, decreased soil quality, and biodiversity. -
Period: to
Mao’s Cultural Revolution
Mao assembled a team of radicals to aid him in criticizing the existing party hierarchy and reclaiming his authority. Mao wanted to get rid of the "Four Olds," or outdated customs, culture, habits, and beliefs. This led many Chinese citizens to lose faith in the government as many suffered imprisonment if they were against Mao. Mao also "reeducated" and created the Red Guard, which consisted of the youth who started counterrevolutionaries. -
Period: to
OPEC Oil embargo
Arab countries cut the production of oil for the united states which led to the price of oil increases. This was in retaliation for the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military. Oil-producing countries grew wealthier as America's economy decreased and oil prices skyrocketed because of the scarcity of oil. -
Period: to
The Civil War in Angola
Angola declared its independence from Portugal, and the conflict soon followed. The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (NUTA) fought for control of the country during the Civil War. MPLA won and consolidated power. -
Fall of Saigon
Saigon had been surrounded by North Vietnamese forces, who were now preparing for a total takeover. North Vietnamese tanks plowed through the Presidential Palace's gates. This marked the end of the Vietnam war. -
Chernobyl Disaster
This incident happened at the Chernobyl nuclear power facility in Ukraine. The Number Four reactor lost control during a low-power test, which caused the explosion which destroyed the reactor building and released a significant amount of radiation into the atmosphere. This led to the start of the Soviet Union's demise. -
Period: to
Fall of the Soviet Union
This was the cause of massive protests and nations shifting from socialism to other democracies. Gorbachev becoming president was also a cause in the fall of the soviet union because his reforms proved to be too rapid for conservatives. As well as in June of 1998, the democratic union pushed USSR to be a multi-party parliamentary democracy. This fall led to an established democratic, independent force that caused the fall of communist authority across Eastern Europe. -
Period: to
Civil War and Genocide in Africa
The Rwandan Civil War was fought between the Rwandan Patriotic Front, a rebel group, and the Rwandan Armed Forces. This was caused by tribal, and ethnic issues between the Hutu and Tutsi. Many fled and communities were destroyed. One of the most harrowing genocides was the Rwandan genocide caused by disputes between Hutu and Tutsi. Up to 800,000 Tutsi, who were a minority group, were killed by Hutu soldiers during the Tutsi genocide. -
September 11, 2001
One of the greatest tragedies to surface in America was 9/11. Caused by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists who hijacked two of the planes that crashed into the World Trade Center's twin towers in New York City, as well as a third plane that hit the Pentagon in Arlington. Motives for the attacks included Western support for attacking Muslims in Somalia, the oppression of Muslims in Russia, and India, and more. This attack led to the death of Osama Bin Laden, the mastermind of 9/11.