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Revelation of the Kur'an. Muhammed's 'flight' (hijra) from Mecca to Medina.
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Foundation of the Ottoman state by a warrier chieftain named Osman, at Sögüt near Bursa.
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Sultan Mehmet II 'the Conqueror' went on a conqest for Consantinople (current day Istanbul).
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The first time in over 400 years that the Ottomans were decisively defeated and forced to sign a peace treaty as the clear losers. The mighty empire was clearly in decline.
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Ottoman power starts to wane as the Greeks rebel and declare independence. Over the next century many other Ottoman subjects break off from Ottoman rule.
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Tsar Nicholas I of Russia moved troops into Rumania, then part of the Ottoman Turkish empire. His fleet then destroyed a Turkish flotilla off Sinope in the Black Sea. The Russians were defeated by the British and French with the Ottomans
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The last of the great Ottoman rulers, Sultan Abdul Hamid II assumes control of the empire and institutes a new constitution which he does away with soon after in order to assume direct personal control.
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The former Greek subjects are now powerful enough to invade and take control of parts of Turkey including the town of Smyrna.
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Greece invades Anatolia through Izmir and presses eastward, threatening the fledgling government in Ankara
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Turkey declared independence October 29, 1923.
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The Turkish state has been officially secular since 1924
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Turkey's Constitution was written November 7, 1982.
