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Greece was awarded the right to administer the port city of Izmir and its adjacent regions after Paris Peace Conference. Greeks brought a large portion of Izmir under their control and secured the city.
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Local Turkish resistance groups rose up to oppose the division of Turkish soils. Mustafa Kamel is sent to assume the task of stopping the national movement, however he ends up gradually asserting his leadership of national movement.
Significance #5: This is significant because it is the first step which allowed Ataturk to rise to power. If he had not been sent to stop the rebellion, he never would have asserted his leadership of the national movement, which eventually led to his rise. -
Sultan government dismissed Kemal from service because he became a rebel army officer acting against the policies of the legally constituted government in Istanbul, and didn’t do what he was instructed to do.
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Ataturks secret meeting in which he invited several prominent Turkish statesman and military leaders. It was agreed to set up a national resistance movement. There was talk about national independence.
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First nationalist movement that passed a resolution stating that no privileges that might impair Turkey’s political sovereignty would be granted to the Christians.
Significance #4: This is quite a significant event because it is the first time in which the national movement discusses the future of Turkey in terms of commitment and faith. -
Representatives of all the groups came together at Sivas and tried to form the Society for the Defense of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia. At the congress of Sivas a number of decisions were made to shape the future policy of Turkey.
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National Pact was created to affirm the right of full Turkish sovereignty over the remaining portions of the empire inhabited by Turkish majority, and was accepted by the Ottoman government.
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British troops occupy the city of Istanbul because they are scared after the Ottoman government adopts the National Pact. Britain wants to stop them.
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Deputies/representatives of resistance groups agreed to form a government with Mustafa Kemal as president. This agreement occured in Ankara because Istanbul was being occupied by the British.
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Ottoman government (sultan) signs Treaty of Sevres, showing weakness → gave Ataturk’s national government more power.
Significance #3: This is a significant event because the fact that the Ottoman government agreed to sign this treaty gave Ataturk’s government more power, because the Ottoman government was then viewed as weak and as “puppets” of the British. -
Turkey and the Soviet Union invaded Armenia and divided it’s land between them. This strengthened ties between Turkey and the USSR.
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Both the Soviet Union and France recognized Ankara (Ataturks government) as the legitimate government of Turkey, and Italy withdrew its forces from southern Anatolia.
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Turkish forces turned back Greeks under military operations of Mustafa Kemal. Showed Mustafa Kemals strength and determination.
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Kemal entered city of Istanbul, where the British troops were, and managed to take the city with the help of his forces. Significance #2: This is one of the most significant events because by doing this, Ataturk proved his strength and legitimacy, which allowed for him to gain more support for the movement and his government.
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Turkey, Greece, and Britain signed the Armistice of Mudanya, which arranged for the withdrawal of the Greek armed forces and called for a peace conference to renegotiate the terms of the Treaty of Sevres.
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Grand Assembly passed a resolution that separated the caliphate from the sultanate, and eliminated the sultanate, leaving the caliphate with no political power.
Significance #1: This is the most significant event because it essentially allowed Ataturk to rise up and obtain complete power over Turkey -
Ankara demanded that the National Pact be recognized, despite British disagreement.
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Treaty of Lausanne signed, Turkish sovereignty was recognized everywhere except Mosul and northern Iraq.
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Turkey claims it’s sovereignty and Ataturk becomes first president.
