-
-
Khubilai Khan extended Mongol rule into China and now controlled most of Asia
-
He introduced paper money and other technologies from China to Europe and wrote about the Mongols
-
The Ottomans conquer Constantinople in 1453
Used Janissaries
Included other religious groups that had to pay a tax -
-
Mansa Musa ruled at the height of the Mali Empire and was extremely rich. The Mali Empire controlled trans-Saharan trade of gold and traded with Islamic merchants (who used camels)
-
Capitol of the Aztec Empire
-
-
-
First outbreaks in China were in the 1330s. Lower supply of peasants gave them more leverage against upper classes
-
They took control from the Mongols and got rid of any Mongol influence, return to Confucianism and civil service examinations
Forbidden City -
He made at least 7 voyages to show China's strength, might have sailed to the Americas. After he died his fleet was destroyed
-
Chinampa farming, human sacrifice
-
-
First printing press in Europe (it already had been invented in China), made spreading information easier
-
Not the first time someone from the eastern hemisphere had been to the Americas but it is what got European powers interested in exploring and colonizing the new world
-
The discovery of a route to India allowed Portuguese to influence but not fully control trade in the Indian Ocean, the beginning of European imperialism in Asia
-
Context: The protestant reformation was not just started by Martin Luther, many people had been upset by the Catholic Church for a while, and it was greatly helped by the invention of the printing press
Martin Luther and others wanted to end indulgences, translate the bible, and rejected the pope's authority. England also became protestant by 1560 -
They had a technological advantage and allied with other natives who didn't like the rule of the Mexica
-
Akbar tolerated other religions and supported arts, Aurangzeb didn't which hurt the empire
Built the Taj Mahal -
They killed most of the Inca elites at a conference, Inca subjects didn't resist, and they were already weakened from smallpox
-
Took Asian luxury goods to Mexico for silver, silver to China for gold, and gold for more silver and luxury goods from Japan. Luxury goods were then shipped back to Europe
-
Similar to Feudalism in Europe
-
-
First British colony in the Americas
-
Involved much of Europe, countries joined for religious, political, or economic reasons, and was the most destructive war in Europe until the 1900s. The Peace of Westphalia recognized each other as sovereign states
-
The Manchus took over the weakening Ming Dynasty
-
England deposes King James II for Mary and William of Orange and made a constitutional government. The Netherlands also got a constitutional government in 1581, but most of Europe stayed absolute monarchies, like in France and Russia
-
He tries to westernize Russia
-
Britain and Prussia against France, Austria, and Russia. Britain removed the French from India and took Canada, and they got Florida from Spain. This led to Britain being able to dominate world trade
-
Based on Enlightenment ideals and inspired later revolutions
-
Revolutionaries wanted to replace "the old order"
The third estate seceded from the Estates General and made the National Assembly in 1789, then stormed the Bastille
Jacobins' reign of terror 1793-1794
Napoleon seized power in 1799 -
Brought back Catholicism and gave freedom of religion to Protestants and Jews
Limited free speech and made himself emperor
Conquered a lot of Europe but lost to "general winter" in Russia -
Inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the French Revolution
Many lead by Simon Bolivar
New countries were ruled by Creoles -
Taxes regardless of religion, modern banking, railroads, and steamships, educational reform, European style military
-
Britain selling illegal opium, China shut down ports to stop opium trade, Britain sent steamships up the grand canal and set up unequal treaties to let them continue to sell opium and have more influence in China
Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 -
He did it to avoid a revolt, it didn't really change anything and former serfs couldn't improve their status, also made more judicial systems
-
They overthrew the Shoguns, made a national army and navy, modern systems of banking and education, railways, more personal freedoms, and a constitutional government
Made an alliance with Britain as equals in 1902 and beat China and Russia in war -
-
Leaders of European powers carve up Africa
-
Boxers were against foreign influence in China and opposed their Qing (Manchu) leaders
-
Caused by nationalism and alliances
Russia left in 1917 due to the revolution
The US joined in 1917 due to the Zimmerman telegram
After the war Turkey was founded and the League of Nations was created which was ineffective -
Started in the US with the stock market crash, the world economy was very connected so it spread to most of the world. US responded with the New Deal in 1933 and other countries responded with fascism or communism
-
Britain gave India some autonomy but it was ineffective due to religious differences in India
-
Japan started invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937 and the League of Nations couldn't do anything about it
Hitler controlled Germany by 1933 and began re militarizing and expanding
After the war the Marshall plan was made to rebuild European economies, the Soviet Union had COMECON for Eastern Europe -
Was about the containment of communism
-
Ghandi and Nehru opposed partition, the migration of people was very bloody
-
NATO founded in 1949, the Warsaw Pact in 1955