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1214
Scientific Method
This is a method of that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. -
1395
Johan Gutenburg
German inventor, he developed a method of movable type and used it to create one of the Western world's first major printed books, the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible. -
1440
Printing Revolution
The printing press is the main point of the revolution, The printing press helped spread the church and what the church truly stood for and not just what the people were told. -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman. He was also considered a "Renaissance Man". He studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly affected the respect people gained for him. His work influenced many artists and affected the Italian Renaissance greatly. -
1466
Erasmus
Erasmus was one of Europe's most famous and influential scholars. He defined the humanist movement in Northern Europe. His view on the Reformation made an impact on him and his peers. -
1466
Humanism
Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. -
Feb 29, 1468
Pope Paul III
His original name was Alessandro Farnese. He was the last Renaissance popes, and the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. He also called the Council of Trent in 1545. -
1469
Lorenzo de' Medici
He ruled Florence from 1469-1478 with his brother. Lorenzo de Medici was considered the Wise, “the needle on the Italian scales,” and ruled from 1478 to 1492. Lorenzo’s patronage of the arts was renowned, and those under his protection included Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci. -
May 3, 1469
Machiavelli
Machiavelli was a diplomat for 14 years. He is also known for writing "The Prince," this book was a handbook for politicians. He was also known for writing many poems and plays. -
May 21, 1471
Albrecht Durer
Durer was known for some for being the greatest German Renaissance artist. He was best known for portraits, self-portraits, engravings, and woodcuts. The Apocalypse series was his best known woodcut work. -
Feb 19, 1473
Nicolaus Copernicus
He was a mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. -
Mar 6, 1475
Michelangelo
He was a painter, sculptor, architect, and poet, he was considered one of the most famous artists of the Italian Renaissance. He sculpted "David" and did the painting of the "Sistine Chapel." -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
Luther was a German monk who began the Protestant Reformation and he became one of the most influential and controversial figures in Christian history.His motions set in the reformation of the church. -
Jul 2, 1489
Thomas Cranmer
He was the first protestant archbishop of Canterbury, he was an adviser to Henry VIII and Edward VI. He is the creator of the "Book of Common Prayer." The Catholic Queen Mary I criticized him for Promoting Protestantism, he was convicted of heresy and burned to death. -
Jun 28, 1491
Henry VIII
The son of of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth York, he was married six times, beheaded two of his wives and was the main instigator of the English Reformation. His only surviving son, Edward VI, succeeded him after his death on January 28, 1547. -
1509
John Calvin
John Calvin was Martin Luther's successor, he was also an impact on the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. -
1517
Sale of Indulgences
The church sold indulgences, which was their consistent source of income. Martin Luther would question end up questioning the church about the indulgences, and would eventually cause problems for the church. -
1543
Heliocentric Theory
This theory said that everything revolves around the sun, other than the moon which revolves around the Earth. -
1545
Council of Trent
Council of Trent was in northern Italy, this occurred because of the Protestant Reformation and ended up causing the Counter-Reformation. -
Jan 22, 1561
Francis Bacon
Bacon was a attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England. His better known work was in philosophical. Bacon used Aristotelian ideas, known as the scientific method, which is the modern scientific inquiry. -
1564
William Shakespeare
Shakespeare was an English playwright, actor, and poet, most times called England's national poet. He wrote plays that captured the complete range of human emotion and conflict. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo
Galileo was an Italian astronomer, mathematician, physicist, philosopher and professor who studied of physics. He also made a telescope and supported the Copernican theory. He also wrote books about his beliefs about the church. -
Rene Descartes
Descartes went to Jesuit college at the age of 8, then earned a law degree at the age of 22. An influential teacher set him to study mathematics and logic to understand what was going on around him. He is known for saying "I think; therefore I am" -
Isaac Newton
Newton was a mathematician and scientist who developed the principles of modern physics, including the laws of motion, and is credited the Scientific Revolution. -
Thomas Moore
Thomas Moore was an Irish poet, satirist, composer, singer and close friend of Lord Byron. He wrote the "The Last Rose of Summer." He was responsible for burning Lord Byron's memoir.
