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Julius Caesar was murdered by the senate after he took control over Rome which marked the end of the Roman republic.
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Augustus Caesar constructed a new forum during this time known as the Forum of Augustus. The forum was completed 40 years later. This demonstrated Augustus' concept of finding Rome built of brick and leaving it made of marble.
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During this time Virgil writes his 12 book epic poem.
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Augustus Caesar gained the power of emperor through the senate. Augustus kept the title of elected consul but ruled the Empire for many years.
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The Julio-Claudian Dynasty consists of the rule of Augustus to the rule of Nero.
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Augustus held the Secular Games. This was an ancient festival that symbolized the restoration of the older religion from the early republic. Horace the poet preformed his Secular Hymn at the Games.
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Augustus Caesar died at Nola. He died of natural causes.
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Augustus designated Tiberius to be his heir. Tiberius was his third wife's son. Tiberius's role as emperor was formally confirmed by the Roman Senate.
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Jesus Christ was born in 4 BC. Jesus was born the year of King Herod's death. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, Judaea.
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Tiberius became very fearful for his safety due to dangerous accusations from people. His advisors urged him to leave the public view. Tiberius decided to move to Capri and he never returned to Rome.
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Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem, Judea. Jesus was taken to a trial and the Sanhedrin declared that Jesus was a blasphemer that deserved death. Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea declared the crucifixion of Jesus.
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Tiberius allowed himself to be elected consul of Rome for a fifth time. Tiberius also chose Sejanus to be his co-consul.
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Gaius Caligula becomes emperor after Tiberius.
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Some sources say that he was completely insane when he died due to all of the conspiracies that plagued his rule. He took part in a ceremonial game that caused him to throw a javelin. He ended up wrenching his shoulder which led him to illness and a coma. He recovered but the Praetorian commander smother him to death.
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In 39/40 AD, Gaius Caligula spent the winter in Gaul and on the Rhine. During this time, he planned to invade Germany or Britain. Caligula canceled this project of invading Germany or Britain.
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Caligula went to the Upper Rhine unexpectedly. He stopped a developing revolt. Caligula ended up executing Drusilla’s widower M. Aemilius Lepidus and Gnaeus Lentulus Gaetulicus who was the commander of the Upper Rhine armies.
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Galba received command of the Upper German army in 40 AD to 42 AD.
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Claudius is the uncle of Caligula. Claudius succeeds Caligula as emperor.
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He was murdered by a tribune of the Praetorian Guards known as Cassius Chaerea, Cornelius Sabinus and other. Caligula was murdered at the Palatine Games.
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The conspiracy against the Claudius started because the aristocracy hoped they would regain their former powers after the death of Caligula but they were angered when Claudius surrounded himself with friends. His friends consisted mainly slaves and freedmen which shocked the middle class as they felt that his friends degraded the dignity of the imperial power. Claudius was able to crush this conspiracy.
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his use of his father's position to advance his career establishes him as a person of greed.
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His third wife, Messalina, was involved in a scandal with a Roman senator, Silius. This affair cause trouble in Roman society. Claudius ordered Messalina to commit suicide.
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Nero is the son of Agrippina. Nero is the successor of Claudius and becomes emperor.
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Claudius's death is unclear. Many historians believe that he was poisoned by his wife Agrippina.
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His mother stood in his way of his marriage to Poppaea so he had her killed so he could marry Poppaea. The public was horrified by the crime.
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Galba was appointed governor of Nearer Spain. He served as governor of Nearer Spain for eight years.
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The Great Fire broke out in the Circus Maximus and destroyed half of Rome. Nero blames the Christians for starting the fire. Other people blame Nero for the Great Fire so that he could build his new palace, the Domus Aurea.
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A conspiracy was led by Gaius Calpurnius Piso, a Roman aristocrat after Nero reinstituted condemnations and confiscations for treason. The goal of the plot was to kill Nero and make Piso emperor. The plan was discovered by accident and the leading conspirators were condemned and killed.
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Galba was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers. After Nero committed suicide, Galba succeeded him.
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Furthered Vitellius's fame for gluttony and avarice
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Nero kills himself after his is deserted by the pretorian guard. Nero is also condemned to death by the senate.
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The legions of Upper Germany refused to give the customary vote of allegiance to Galba.The legions joined with the legions of Lower Germany to proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
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Using the promise of a donative, Otho won over the praetorians. The praetorians murdered Galba and Piso in the Roman Forum
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Otho leds a rebellion against Gabla. Otho kills Gabla and becomes emperor.
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Otho quickly sent a naval expedition to Narbonensis, a region in southern Gaul. He summoned the Danube legions and marched out in March.
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Otho was told by his advisor to delay the battle but he insisted on the action. His army was defeated at Bedriacum which is east of Cremona.
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Otho commits suicide after losing the battle against Vitellius
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With the help of Fabius Valens and Caecina Alienus, Vitellius become emperor. Vitellius began the reign of the Flavian Dynasty.
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He is prompted by his son Titus and the prefect of Egypt and the governor of Syria to become emperor.
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Ruling of emperors from members of the family of Flavii from the Sabine country
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A year in the history of the Roman Empire where there were four different emperors that ruled in succession. The emperors were Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian.
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Commagene and Armenia Minor were under Roman rule by Vespasian.
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Vespasian appoints new members to the Senate.
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The city of Pompeii is destroyed when Mount Vesuvius erupts. The eruption preserved the town.
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He died of fever and dysentery
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Vespasian was succeeded by his son Titus.
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Titus completed the rest of the construction on the Colosseum. The construction was started by his father, Vespasian.
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A fire destroyed most of the Campus Martius area of Rome. Titus provided lots of funds for relief and rebuilding.
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He takes over Titus's role as emperor. He is also the son of Vespasian.
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Titus died of a fever in the country villa where his father, Vespasian had died.
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Domitian advances his conquering of Germania.
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Domitian continues to conquer Germania by aiding the Moesia.
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Nerva becomes emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
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Domitian was assassinated by a former slave hired by the prefects Norbandus and Peronius Secundus
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The imperial succession of Nerva through Marcus Aurelius
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A nobleman attempted to seize the throne and after failing Nerva did not sentence him to death.
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He was adopted by Nerva.
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Before his death Nerva adopted Trajan and in this way began the sytem of adopting heirs
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He wanted to extend the limits of the empire in every direction and was well known for his militaristic ambition
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This was the beginning of his expansion and had been a previous failure under emperor Domitian
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Hadrian succede's Trajan after his death, although he is not the first or most favored choice.
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Trajan wanted to expand the Roman Empire but Hadrian didn't want to so he pulled out of Mesopotamia.
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Traveled more than any of his predecessors, listening to feedback of the inhabitants of Gaul, Britain, Spain, Asia, Greece, Sicily, Africa, Cappadocia, and Egypt
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Hadiran dies of illness.
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He is adopted by Hadiran.
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The Antonines Dynasty is started with Antoninus Pius. After Antoninus's reign, the emperors that came after him were related to Antoninus. They achieved great heights of power.
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He was cautious about Roman security and ensured defense first by peaceful means then administrative and finally military.
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After being adopted by Antoninus Pius, Aurelius becomes emperor after his death.
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Marcus realizes that the task as emperor is too great for him alone and therefore request Lucius Verus's elevation
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They are totally crushed as Marcus's plan is to make them extinct and recreate a new trans Danubian province that would extend the Roman Empire into Northern Europe
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Vespasian was succeeded by his son Titus.